Bukh and Conlon used random polynomial graphs to give effective lower bounds on $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathcal{T}^\ell)$, where $\mathcal{T}^\ell$ is the $\ell$th power of a balanced rooted tree $T$. We extend their result to give effective lower bounds on $\mathrm{ex}(G_{n,p},\mathcal{T}^\ell)$, which is the maximum number of edges in a $\mathcal{T}^\ell$-free subgraph of the random graph $G_{n,p}$. Analogous bounds for generalized Turán numbers in random graphs are also proven.