In this article, we investigate the toric Schubert varieties in partial flag varieties $G/P$ for a connected semisimple algebraic group $G$. Using Deodhar's decomposition of Richardson varieties and the work of Pasquier, we give an explicit description of the fan of a toric Schubert variety, leading to a combinatorial model for its cones. As an application, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for smoothness of toric Schubert varieties in terms of the Cartan integers associated to a reduced expression. Furthermore, we prove that for a Coxeter-type element $w \in W^P$, the interval $[e,w]_{W^P}$ is a supersolvable join-distributive lattice. Finally, we apply these results to the study of spherical and horospherical Schubert varieties, providing a combinatorial method for checking the smoothness via the associated toric Schubert varieties.