The Hankel determinants $\left(\frac{r}{2(i+j)+r}\binom{2(i+j)+r}{i+j}\right)_{0\leq i,j \leq n-1}$ of the convolution powers of Catalan numbers were considered by Cigler and by Cigler and Krattenthaler. We evaluate these determinants for $r\le 31$ by finding shifted periodic continued fractions, which arose in application of Sulanke and Xin's continued fraction method. These include some of the conjectures of Cigler as special cases. We also conjectured a polynomial characterization of these determinants. The same technique is used to evaluate the Hankel determinants $\left(\binom{2(i+j)+r}{i+j}\right)_{0\leq i,j \leq n-1} $. Similar results are obtained.