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A logical approach to concentration
Michael Benedikt, Maksim Zhukovskii · 2026-02-20 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Concentration results say that a sequence of random variables becomes progressively concentrated around the mean. Such results are common in the study of functions of random graphs. We introduce a real-valued logic with various aggregate operators on graphs, including summation, and prove that every term in the language, seen as a random variable on random graphs within the classical Erdős-Rényi random graph model, is concentrated. We prove this for dense and sparse variants of Erdős-Rényi graphs. On the one hand, our results extend the line of work originating with Fagin and Glebskii et al. on zero-one laws for dense random graphs, as well as the zero-one law of Shelah and Spencer for sparse random graphs. On the other hand, they can be seen as a meta-theorem for inferring concentration results on random graphs, and we give examples of such applications.