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Criticality, The List Color Function, and List Coloring t...
Hemanshu Kaul, Jeffrey A. Mudrock · 2018-05-06 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

We introduce a notion of color-criticality in the context of chromatic-choosability. We define a graph $G$ to be strong $k$-chromatic-choosable if $χ(G) = k$ and every $(k-1)$-assignment for which $G$ is not list-colorable has the property that the lists are the same for all vertices. That is the usual coloring is, in some sense, the obstacle to list-coloring. We prove basic properties of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs such as chromatic-choosability and vertex-criticality, and we construct infinite families of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs. We derive a sufficient condition for the existence of at least two list colorings of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs and use it to show that: if $M$ is a strong $k$-chromatic-choosable graph with $|E(M)| \leq |V(M)|(k-2)$ and $H$ is a graph that contains a Hamilton path, $w_1, w_2, \ldots, w_m$, such that $w_i$ has at most $ρ\geq 1$ neighbors among $w_1, \ldots, w_{i-1}$, then $χ_{\ell}(M \square H) \le k+ ρ- 1$. We show that this bound is sharp for all $ρ\ge 1$ by generalizing the theorem to apply to $H$ that are $(M,ρ)$-Cartesian accommodating which is a notion we define with the help of the list color function, $ P_{\ell}(G,k)$, the list analogue of the chromatic polynomial. We also use the list color function to determine the list chromatic number of certain star-like graphs: $χ_{\ell}(M \square K_{1,s}) =$ $k \; \text{if } s < P_{\ell}(M,k)$, or $k+1 \; \text{if } s \geq P_{\ell}(M,k)$, where $M$ is a strong $k$-chromatic-choosable graph. We show that $ P_{\ell}(M,k)$ equals $P(M,k)$, the chromatic polynomial, when $M$ is an odd cycle, complete graph, or the join of an odd cycle with a complete graph.