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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Not-All-Equal and 1-in-Degree Decompositions: Algorithmic...
Ali Dehghan, Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi, Arash Ahadi · 2018-01-14 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

A Not-All-Equal (NAE) decomposition of a graph $G$ is a decomposition of the vertices of $G$ into two parts such that each vertex in $G$ has at least one neighbor in each part. Also, a 1-in-Degree decomposition of a graph $G$ is a decomposition of the vertices of $G$ into two parts $A$ and $B$ such that each vertex in the graph $G$ has exactly one neighbor in part $A$. Among our results, we show that for a given graph $G$, if $G$ does not have any cycle of length congruent to 2 mod 4, then there is a polynomial time algorithm to decide whether $G$ has a 1-in-Degree decomposition. In sharp contrast, we prove that for every $r$, $r\geq 3$, for a given $r$-regular bipartite graph $G$ determining whether $G$ has a 1-in-Degree decomposition is $ \mathbf{NP} $-complete. These complexity results have been especially useful in proving $ \mathbf{NP} $-completeness of various graph related problems for restricted classes of graphs. In consequence of these results we show that for a given bipartite 3-regular graph $G$ determining whether there is a vector in the null-space of the 0,1-adjacency matrix of $G$ such that its entries belong to $\{\pm 1,\pm 2\}$ is $\mathbf{NP} $-complete. Among other results, we introduce a new version of {Planar 1-in-3 SAT} and we prove that this version is also $ \mathbf{NP} $-complete. In consequence of this result, we show that for a given planar $(3,4)$-semiregular graph $G$ determining whether there is a vector in the null-space of the 0,1-incidence matrix of $G$ such that its entries belong to $\{\pm 1,\pm 2\}$ is $\mathbf{NP} $-complete.