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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
The Quaternary Gray Code and How It Can Be Used to Solve ...
Madeleine Goertz, Aaron Williams · 2024-11-29 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

We investigate solutions to the new "Ziggu" family of exponential puzzles. These puzzles have $p$ pieces that form $m$ mazes. We encode the puzzle state as an quaternary number (base $4$) with $n=m+1$ digits, where each digit gives the horizontal or vertical position in one maze. We show that the number of states on a shortest solution is $6 \cdot 2^n - 3n - 5$ (OEIS A101946). This solution is unique, and it is generated from the start as follows: make the leftmost modification that doesn't undo the previous modification. Replacing "leftmost" with "rightmost" instead generates the unique longest solution that visits all $(3^{n+1} - 1)/2$ states (OEIS A003462). Thus, Ziggu puzzles can be viewed as $4$-ary, $3$-ary, or $2$-ary puzzles based on how the number of state encodings, valid states, or minimum states grow with each additional maze. Classic Gray code puzzles (e.g., Spin-Out) provide natural comparisons. Gray code puzzles with $p$ pieces have $2^p$ (OEIS A000079) or $\lfloor \frac{2}{3} \cdot 2^p \rfloor$ (OEIS A000975) states on their unique solution. The states visited in a Gray code puzzle solution follow the binary reflected Gray code. We show that Ziggu puzzles follow the quaternary reflected Gray code, as the shortest and longest solutions are both sublists of this order. These results show how to solve Ziggu puzzles from the start. We also provide $O(n)$-time ranking, comparison, and successor algorithms, which give the state's position along a solution, the relative order of two states, and the next state, respectively. While Gray code puzzles have simpler recursive descriptions and successor rules, the Ziggu puzzle has a simpler loopless algorithm to generate its shortest solution. The two families share a comparison function. Finally, we enrich the literature on OEIS A101946 by providing a bijection between Ziggu states and $2\times n$ Nurikabe grids.