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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Scale-free tree network with an ultra-large diameter
Fei Ma, Ping Wang · 2021-01-07 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Scale-free networks are prevalently observed in a great variety of complex systems, which triggers various researches relevant to networked models of such type. In this work, we propose a family of growth tree networks $\mathcal{T}_{t}$, which turn out to be scale-free, in an iterative manner. As opposed to most of published tree models with scale-free feature, our tree networks have the power-law exponent $γ=1+\ln5/\ln2$ that is obviously larger than $3$. At the same time, "small-world" property can not be found particularly because models $\mathcal{T}_{t}$ have an ultra-large diameter $D_{t}$ (i.e., $D_{t}\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{\ln3/\ln5}$) and a greater average shortest path length $\langle\mathcal{W}_{t}\rangle$ (namely, $\langle\mathcal{W}_{t}\rangle\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{\ln3/\ln5}$) where $|\mathcal{T}_{t}|$ represents vertex number. Next, we determine Pearson correlation coefficient and verify that networks $\mathcal{T}_{t}$ display disassortative mixing structure. In addition, we study random walks on tree networks $\mathcal{T}_{t}$ and derive exact solution to mean hitting time $\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle$. The results suggest that the analytic formula for quantity $\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle$ as a function of vertex number $|\mathcal{T}_{t}|$ shows a power-law form, i.e., $\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{1+\ln3/\ln5}$. Accordingly, we execute extensive experimental simulations, and demonstrate that empirical analysis is in strong agreement with theoretical results. Lastly, we provide a guide to extend the proposed iterative manner in order to generate more general scale-free tree networks with large diameter.