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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Vertex degrees in grid graphs associated with 213-avoidin...
N. B. Huamaní · 2026-01-26 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Given a permutation of size $n$, we consider its associated grid graph whose $i$th column has height equal to the $i$th entry, with vertical edges between consecutive levels and horizontal edges between equal levels in adjacent columns. We study global degree statistics of these graphs when the permutation is chosen from the Catalan avoidance class $\mathrm{Av}_n(213)$ (and, by reversal, also from $\mathrm{Av}_n(312)$). We first obtain an explicit closed form for the total number of horizontal edges summed over all permutations in $\mathrm{Av}_n(213)$. We then determine, for each degree $r\in\{1,2,3,4\}$, the total number of degree-$r$ vertices accumulated over the same class, yielding closed expressions in terms of central binomial coefficients and powers of four. The proofs rely on the Catalan decomposition induced by the position of the minimum entry, which leads to gluing identities and algebraic functional equations for ordinary generating functions, completed using global vertex and degree-sum identities. As a consequence, we derive asymptotic degree proportions for a uniform random permutation in $\mathrm{Av}_n(213)$: the distribution concentrates and the proportion of degree-$4$ vertices tends to $1$, with a deficit of order $n^{-1/2}$.