We first introduce a new presentation for the mirabolic Hecke algebra $\mathscr{H}_{n,R}(q)$ over an arbitrary commutative ring $R$ and derive a new basis. Based on this presentation, specializing to the case of $\mathscr{H}_n(q)$ over the field $\mathbb{C}(q)$, we construct a basis for the cocenter of $\mathscr{H}_n(q)$, which facilitates the definition of its character table. We further establish a Schur--Weyl duality between $\mathscr{H}_n(q)$ and the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_r)$. As an application, we obtain Frobenius character formulas for the irreducible characters of $\mathscr{H}_n(q)$ within the ring of symmetric functions. Finally, we derive a recursive Murnaghan--Nakayama rule for the computation of the character table.