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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Zero Forcing on Iterated Graph Models
Christopher Brice, Erin Meger, Nhat-Dinh Nguyen, Allen Rakhamimo · 2025-07-17 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Modeling how information travels throughout a network has vast applications across social sciences, cybersecurity, and graph-based neural networks. In this paper, we consider the zero forcing model for information diffusion on iterative deterministic complex network models. In particular, we continue the exploration of the Iterative Local Transitive (ILT) model and the Iterative Local Anti-Transitive (ILAT) model, both introduced by Bonato et. al. in 2009 and 2017, respectively. These models use ideas from Structural Balance Theory to generate edges through a notion of cloning where ``the friend of my friend is my friend'' and anticloning where ``the enemy of my enemy is my friend.'' Zero forcing, introduced independently by Burgarth and Giovanetti and a special working group at AIM in 2007 and 2008, begins with some set of forced vertices, the remaining are unforced. If a forced vertex has a single unforced neighbor, that neighbor becomes forced. The minimum number of vertices in a starting set required to guarantee all vertices eventually become forced is the zero forcing number of the graph. The maximum number of vertices in a starting set such that the graph cannot become fully forced is the failed zero forcing number of a graph. In this paper we provide bounds for both the zero forcing and failed zero forcing number of graphs created using both the ILT and ILAT models. In particular, we show that in the case of ILAT graphs the failed zero forcing number can only take on one of four values, dependent on the number of vertices of the graph. Finally, we briefly consider another information diffusion model, graph burning, on a more general iterated graph model.