In the article, two implementations of the representation of the complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ on the algebra of symmetric polynomials $Λ_n$ by differential operators are proposed. The realizations of irreducible subrepresentations, both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional, are described, and the decomposition of $Λ_n$ is found. The actions on the Schur polynomials is also determined. By using an isomorphism between $Λ_n$ and the vector space of Young diagrams $\mathbb{Q}\mathcal{Y}_n$ with no more than $n$ rows, these representations are transferred to $\mathbb{Q}\mathcal{Y}_n$.