The dual braid monoid was introduced by Bessis in his work on complex reflection arrangements. The goal of this work is to show that Koszul duality provides a nice interplay between the dual braid monoid and the cluster complex introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky. Firstly, we prove koszulity of the dual braid monoid algebra, by building explicitly the minimal free resolution of the ground field. This is done explicitly using some chains complexes defined in terms of the positive part of the cluster complex. Secondly, we derive various properties of the quadratic dual algebra. We show that it is naturally graded by the noncrossing partition lattice. We get an explicit basis, naturally indexed by positive faces of the cluster complex. Moreover, we find the structure constants via a geometric rule in terms of the cluster fan. Eventually, we realize this dual algebra as a quotient of a Nichols algebra. This latter fact makes a connection with results of Zhang, who used the same algebra to compute the homology of Milnor fibers of reflection arrangements.