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Abstract:Let $A\subseteq\mathbb R_{\ge0}$ be finite and nonempty, and let $\mathfrak{A}^A=(\mathcal{A}_1^A,\mathcal{A}_2^A,\ldots)$ be the associated sequence of symmetric deformations of the braid arrangement. Denote by $r_\ell(\mathcal{A}_n^A)$ the number of its level-$\ell$ regions and by $F_\ell(\mathfrak{A}^A,x)$ the corresponding exponential generating function. We prove $F_\ell(\mathfrak{A}^A,x)=\bigl(F_1(\mathfrak{A}^A,x)\bigr)^\ell$. As a consequence, the characteristic polynomial has the binomial-basis expansion $\chi(\mathcal{A}_n^A,t)=\sum_{\ell=1}^{n}(-1)^{n-\ell}\,r_\ell(\mathcal{A}_n^A)\binom{t}{\ell}$. When $0\in A$ and $A^*=A\setminus\{0\}$ is nonempty, we refine a classical identity of Stanley level by level: $F_\ell(\mathfrak{A}^{A^*},x)=F_\ell(\mathfrak{A}^{A},1-e^{-x})$. Equivalently, the Catalan-type and semiorder-type level counts satisfy an unsigned Stirling convolution of the first kind. For the $m$-Catalan arrangement $\mathcal{A}_n^{[0,m]}$, we obtain $r_\ell(\mathcal{A}_n^{[0,m]})=n!\,\operatorname{Ran}_{m+1,m\ell}(n-\ell)$, where $\operatorname{Ran}_{p,r}(q)$ is a Raney number. This realizes Raney numbers as refined region counts and answers a question of Deshpande, Menon, and Sarkar. The proofs use labeled Dyck paths, interval orders, and exponential sequences of arrangements. We also realize the inverse Fu--Wang--Zhu bijection for $m$-Catalan regions by tableaux.

Submission history

From: Jinxing Yang [view email]
[v1] Mon, 14 Oct 2024 06:35:38 UTC (92 KB)
[v2] Tue, 15 Oct 2024 14:07:50 UTC (92 KB)
[v3] Thu, 3 Jul 2025 08:09:24 UTC (92 KB)
[v4] Fri, 4 Jul 2025 02:06:39 UTC (92 KB)
[v5] Thu, 23 Jul 2026 02:48:56 UTC (25 KB)