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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Almost square permutations are typically square
Jacopo Borga, Enrica Duchi, Erik Slivken · 2019-10-11 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

A record in a permutation is a maximum or a minimum, from the left or from the right. The entries of a permutation can be partitioned into two types: the ones that are records are called external points, the others are called internal points. Permutations without internal points have been studied under the name of square permutations. Here, we explore permutations with a fixed number of internals points, called almost square permutations. Unlike with square permutations, a precise enumeration for the total number of almost square permutations of size $n+k$ with exactly $k$ internal points is not known. However, using a probabilistic approach, we are able to determine the asymptotic enumeration. This allows us to describe the permuton limit of almost square permutations with $k$ internal points, both when $k$ is fixed and when $k$ tends to infinity along a negligible sequence with respect to the size of the permutation. Finally, we show that our techniques are quite general by studying the set of $321$-avoiding permutations of size $n$ with exactly $k$ additional internal points ($k$ fixed). In this case we obtain an interesting asymptotic enumeration in terms of the Brownian excursion area. As a consequence, we show that the points of a uniform permutation in this set concentrate on the diagonal and the fluctuations of these points converge in distribution to a biased Brownian excursion.