We introduce the notion of Lorentzian fans, which form a special class of tropical fans that are particularly well-suited for proving Alexandrov-Fenchel type inequalities. To demonstrate the utility of Lorentzian fans, we prove a practical characterization of them in terms of their two-dimensional star fans. We also show that Lorentzian fans are closed under many common tropical fan operations, and we discuss how the Lorentzian property descends to the underlying tropical variety, allowing us to deduce Alexandrov-Fenchel type inequalities in the general setting of tropical intersection theory on tropical fan varieties.