We study central extensions of nilpotent loops by elementary abelian $p$-groups using normalized cocycles. By introducing an affine automorphism group acting on the full cocycle space, we obtain a direct correspondence between affine orbits and isomorphism classes of central extensions. This framework yields an efficient orbit-counting method for enumerating nilpotent loops. We reproduce the known results for orders less than 24, and enumerate the nilpotent loops of order 24 with center of size at least 3.