Let $g(k)$ be the maximum size of a planar set that determines at most $k$ distances. We prove $$\fracπ{3\,C(Λ_{hex})}\ k\sqrt{\log k} (1+o(1)) \le g(k) \le C k\log k,$$ so $g(k) \asymp k\sqrt{\log k}$ with an explicit constant from the hexagonal lattice. For any arithmetic lattice $Λ$ we show $$g_Λ(k)\ge (π/4) S^*(Λ) k\sqrt{\log k} (1+o(1)).$$ We also give quantitative stability: unless $X$ is line-heavy or has two popular nonparallel shifts, either almost all ordered pairs lie below a high quantile of the distance multiset (near-center localization), or a constant fraction of $X\cap W$ lies in one residue class modulo $2Λ$.