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Adaptive multi-fidelity optimization with fast learning rates Enhancing AI and Dynamical Subseasonal Forecasts with Probabilistic Bias Correction Sample Complexity Bounds for Stochastic Shortest Path with a Generative Model The Harder Path: Last Iterate Convergence for Uncoupled Learning in Zero-Sum Games with Bandit Feedback Stylistic-STORM (ST-STORM) : Perceiving the Semantic Nature of Appearance Collective Kernel EFT for Pre-activation ResNets PRIM-cipal components analysis One-Shot Generative Flows: Existence and Obstructions Structural interpretability in SVMs with truncated orthogonal polynomial kernels Amortized Optimal Transport from Sliced Potentials MinShap: A Modified Shapley Value Approach for Feature Selection Unsupervised feature selection using Bayesian Tucker decomposition Multi-User mmWave Beam and Rate Adaptation via Combinatorial Satisficing Bandits Best of both worlds: Stochastic & adversarial best-arm identification Scalable Model-Based Clustering with Sequential Monte Carlo Expert-Guided Class-Conditional Goodness-of-Fit Scores for Interpretable Classification with Informative Missingness: An Application to Seismic Monitoring Lightweight Geometric Adaptation for Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks Gating Enables Curvature: A Geometric Expressivity Gap in Attention Zeroth-Order Optimization at the Edge of Stability Differentially Private Conformal Prediction CLion: Efficient Cautious Lion Optimizer with Enhanced Generalization Generative Augmented Inference Improving Machine Learning Performance with Synthetic Augmentation PAC-MCTS: Bias-Aware Pruning for Robust LLM-Guided Search and Planning Path-Sampled Integrated Gradients Heat and Matérn Kernels on Matchings Doubly Outlier-Robust Online Infinite Hidden Markov Model Momentum Further Constrains Sharpness at the Edge of Stochastic Stability Multistage Conditional Compositional Optimization BOAT: Navigating the Sea of In Silico Predictors for Antibody Design via Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization
Natural Policy Gradient as Doubly Smoothed Policy Iterati...
Phalguni Nanda, Zaiwei Chen · 2026-05-11 · via stat.ML updates on arXiv.org

In this work, we show that natural policy gradient, a core algorithm in reinforcement learning, admits an exact formulation as a smoothed and averaged form of policy iteration. Specifically, we introduce doubly smoothed policy iteration (DSPI), a Bellman-operator framework in which each policy is obtained by applying a regularized greedy step to a weighted average of past $Q$-functions. DSPI includes policy iteration, dual-averaged policy iteration, natural policy gradient, and more general policy dual averaging methods as special cases. Using only monotonicity and contraction of smoothed Bellman operators, we prove distribution-free global geometric convergence of DSPI. Consequently, standard natural policy gradient and policy dual averaging achieve an iteration complexity of $\mathcal{O}((1-γ)^{-1}\log((1-γ)^{-1}ε^{-1}))$ for computing an $ε$-optimal policy, without modifying the MDP, adding regularization beyond the mirror map inherent in the update, or using adaptive, trajectory-dependent stepsizes. For the unregularized greedy case, corresponding to dual-averaged policy iteration, we also prove finite termination. The same Bellman-operator framework further extends to discounted MDPs with linear function approximation and stochastic shortest path problems.