We consider optimal attacks or immunization schemes on different models of random graphs. We derive bounds for the minimum number of nodes needed to be removed from a network such that all remaining components are fragments of negligible size. We obtain bounds for different regimes of random regular graphs, Erdős-Rényi random graphs, and scale free networks, some of which are tight. We show that the performance of attacks by degree is bounded away from optimality. Finally we present a polynomial time attack algorithm and prove its optimal performance in certain cases.