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VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models Evaluating LLM-Generated Obfuscated XSS Payloads for Machine Learning-Based Detection Do Agents Dream of Root Shells? Partial-Credit Evaluation of LLM Agents in Capture the Flag Challenges Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery From Particles to Perils: SVGD-Based Hazardous Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems Testing Choose Your Own Adventure: Non-Linear AI-Assisted Programming with EvoGraph Human-Machine Co-Boosted Bug Report Identification with Mutualistic Neural Active Learning LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localization CodeMMR: Bridging Natural Language, Code, and Image for Unified Retrieval Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts The Semi-Executable Stack: Agentic Software Engineering and the Expanding Scope of SE Scaling Test-Time Compute for Agentic Coding AI-Assisted Requirements Engineering: An Empirical Evaluation Relative to Expert Judgment From Procedural Skills to Strategy Genes: Towards Experience-Driven Test-Time Evolution Atropos: Improving Cost-Benefit Trade-off of LLM-based Agents under Self-Consistency with Early Termination and Model Hotswap Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex Bounded Autonomy for Enterprise AI: Typed Action Contracts and Consumer-Side Execution AIPC: Agent-Based Automation for AI Model Deployment with Qualcomm AI Runtime Analyzing Chain of Thought (CoT) Approaches in Control Flow Code Deobfuscation Tasks Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Tasks Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review LinuxArena: A Control Setting for AI Agents in Live Production Software Environments LLMs taking shortcuts in test generation: A study with SAP HANA and LevelDB Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends CollabCoder: Plan-Code Co-Evolution via Collaborative Decision-Making for Efficient Code Generation Sentiment analysis for software engineering: How far can zero-shot learning (ZSL) go? Learning from Change: Predictive Models for Incident Prevention in a Regulated IT Environment
Retromorphic Testing with Hierarchical Verification for H...
Boxi Yu, Yuzhong Zhang, Liting Lin, Lionel Briand, Emir Muñoz · 2026-03-30 · via cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

Large language models (LLMs) continue to hallucinate in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), producing claims that are unsupported by or conflict with the retrieved context. Detecting such errors remains challenging when faithfulness is evaluated solely with respect to the retrieved context. Existing approaches either provide coarse-grained, answer-level scores or focus on open-domain factuality, often lacking fine-grained, evidence-grounded diagnostics. We present RT4CHART, a retromorphic testing framework for context-faithfulness assessment. RT4CHART decomposes model outputs into independently verifiable claims and performs hierarchical, local-to-global verification against the retrieved context. Each claim is assigned one of three labels: entailed, contradicted, or baseless. Furthermore, RT4CHART maps claim-level decisions back to specific answer spans and retrieves explicit supporting or refuting evidence from the context, enabling fine-grained and interpretable auditing. We evaluate RT4CHART on RAGTruth++ (408 samples) and RAGTruth-Enhance (2,675 samples), a newly re-annotated benchmark. RT4CHART achieves the best answer-level hallucination detection F1 among all baselines. On RAGTruth++, it reaches an F1 score of 0.776, outperforming the strongest baseline by 83%. On RAGTruth-Enhance, it achieves a span-level F1 of 47.5%. Ablation studies show that the hierarchical verification design is the primary driver of performance gains. Finally, our re-annotation reveals 1.68x more hallucination cases than the original labels, suggesting that existing benchmarks substantially underestimate the prevalence of hallucinations.