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VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models Evaluating LLM-Generated Obfuscated XSS Payloads for Machine Learning-Based Detection Do Agents Dream of Root Shells? Partial-Credit Evaluation of LLM Agents in Capture the Flag Challenges Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery From Particles to Perils: SVGD-Based Hazardous Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems Testing Choose Your Own Adventure: Non-Linear AI-Assisted Programming with EvoGraph Human-Machine Co-Boosted Bug Report Identification with Mutualistic Neural Active Learning LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localization CodeMMR: Bridging Natural Language, Code, and Image for Unified Retrieval Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts The Semi-Executable Stack: Agentic Software Engineering and the Expanding Scope of SE Scaling Test-Time Compute for Agentic Coding AI-Assisted Requirements Engineering: An Empirical Evaluation Relative to Expert Judgment From Procedural Skills to Strategy Genes: Towards Experience-Driven Test-Time Evolution Atropos: Improving Cost-Benefit Trade-off of LLM-based Agents under Self-Consistency with Early Termination and Model Hotswap Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex Bounded Autonomy for Enterprise AI: Typed Action Contracts and Consumer-Side Execution AIPC: Agent-Based Automation for AI Model Deployment with Qualcomm AI Runtime Analyzing Chain of Thought (CoT) Approaches in Control Flow Code Deobfuscation Tasks Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Tasks Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review LinuxArena: A Control Setting for AI Agents in Live Production Software Environments LLMs taking shortcuts in test generation: A study with SAP HANA and LevelDB Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends CollabCoder: Plan-Code Co-Evolution via Collaborative Decision-Making for Efficient Code Generation Sentiment analysis for software engineering: How far can zero-shot learning (ZSL) go? Learning from Change: Predictive Models for Incident Prevention in a Regulated IT Environment
Reinforcement Learning for Testing Interdependent Require...
Jiahui Wu, Chengjie Lu, Aitor Arrieta, Shaukat Ali · 2025-02-19 · via cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) make driving decisions without humans, making dependability assurance critical. Scenario-based testing is widely used to evaluate AVs under diverse conditions, with reinforcement learning (RL) generating test scenarios that identify violations of functional and safety requirements. Many requirements are interdependent and involve trade-offs, making it unclear whether single-objective RL (SORL), which combines objectives into a single reward, can reliably reveal violations or whether multi-objective RL (MORL), which explicitly considers multiple objectives, is necessary. We present an empirical evaluation comparing SORL and MORL for generating critical scenarios that simultaneously test interdependent requirements using an end-to-end AV controller and high-fidelity simulator. Results suggest that MORL and SORL differ mainly in how violations occur, while showing comparable effectiveness in many cases. MORL tends to generate more requirement-violation scenarios, whereas SORL produces higher-severity violations. Their relative performance also depends on specific objective combinations and, to a lesser extent, road conditions. Regarding diversity, MORL consistently covers a broader range of scenarios. Thus, MORL is preferable when scenario diversity and coverage are prioritized, whereas SORL may better expose severe violations. Our empirical evaluation addresses a gap by systematically comparing SORL and MORL, highlighting the importance of requirement dependencies in RL-based AV testing.