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cs.SD updates on arXiv.org

Mutual Forcing: Dual-Mode Self-Evolution for Fast Autoregressive Audio-Video Character Generation WhisperPipe: A Resource-Efficient Streaming Architecture for Real-Time Automatic Speech Recognition Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models PSP: An Interpretable Per-Dimension Accent Benchmark for Indic Text-to-Speech Praxy Voice: Voice-Prompt Recovery + BUPS for Commercial-Class Indic TTS from a Frozen Non-Indic Base at Zero Commercial-Training-Data Cost Korean aegyo speech shows systematic F1 increase to signal childlike qualities All That Glitters Is Not Audio: Rethinking Text Priors and Audio Reliance in Audio-Language Evaluation RAS: a Reliability Oriented Metric for Automatic Speech Recognition Speech Enhancement Based on Drifting Models HeadRouter: Dynamic Head-Weight Routing for Task-Adaptive Audio Token Pruning in Large Audio Language Models Hallo-Live: Real-Time Streaming Joint Audio-Video Avatar Generation with Asynchronous Dual-Stream and Human-Centric Preference Distillation Talker-T2AV: Joint Talking Audio-Video Generation with Autoregressive Diffusion Modeling Robust Audio-Text Retrieval via Cross-Modal Attention and Hybrid Loss Spectro-Temporal Modulation Representation Framework for Human-Imitated Speech Detection UniSonate: A Unified Model for Speech, Music, and Sound Effect Generation with Text Instructions Do LLM Decoders Listen Fairly? Benchmarking How Language Model Priors Shape Bias in Speech Recognition Materialistic RIR: Material Conditioned Realistic RIR Generation SpeechParaling-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Paralinguistic-Aware Speech Generation ONOTE: Benchmarking Omnimodal Notation Processing for Expert-level Music Intelligence From Image to Music Language: A Two-Stage Structure Decoding Approach for Complex Polyphonic OMR ATIR: Towards Audio-Text Interleaved Contextual Retrieval Enhancing Speaker Verification with Whispered Speech via Post-Processing Environmental Sound Deepfake Detection Using Deep-Learning Framework Towards Streaming Target Speaker Extraction via Chunk-wise Interleaved Splicing of Autoregressive Language Model BEAT: Tokenizing and Generating Symbolic Music by Uniform Temporal Steps Deep Supervised Contrastive Learning of Pitch Contours for Robust Pitch Accent Classification in Seoul Korean HalluAudio: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Audio-Language Models UAF: A Unified Audio Front-end LLM for Full-Duplex Speech Interaction Voice of India: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Real-World Speech Recognition in India Tadabur: A Large-Scale Quran Audio Dataset
Towards Revised Tempo Indications for Beethoven's Piano a...
Ignasi Sole · 2026-04-18 · via cs.SD updates on arXiv.org

Historical metronome indications for Beethoven's five piano and cello sonatas (as transmitted by Czerny, Moscheles, and Kolisch), have long been regarded as problematic by performers and scholars alike. This paper presents the first systematic empirical assessment of those indications against a corpus of over one hundred movement-level recordings spanning 1930--2012, encompassing first, second, and third movements across all five sonatas (Op.~5 Nos.~1 and~2; Op.~69; Op.~102 Nos.~1 and~2). The core findings are threefold. First, Czerny's and Moscheles's markings are consistently and substantially exceeded by the entire recording corpus: gaps of 15--39\% are documented across movements, with the largest divergences in slow Adagio movements and the smallest in fast Allegro finales. Second, Kolisch's 1943 markings align considerably more closely with recorded practice than either Czerny's or Moscheles's, a striking result given that Kolisch was reasoning without corpus data. Third, the central Allegro tempo traditions for each movement are stable across eight decades; not because all performers play alike, but because three coexisting slow, mid-range, and fast traditions persist simultaneously, with the mid-range dominant throughout. Building on these findings, this paper proposes a set of revised tempo indications grounded in the statistical modal tempi of the corpus, presented as ranges reflecting the documented spectrum of expert interpretive practice rather than single prescriptive values. These indications are offered not as claims about Beethoven's intentions but as evidence-based reference points for performers and scholars navigating the gap between historical prescription and performable reality.