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cs.RO updates on arXiv.org

FineCog-Nav: Integrating Fine-grained Cognitive Modules for Zero-shot Multimodal UAV Navigation DENALI: A Dataset Enabling Non-Line-of-Sight Spatial Reasoning with Low-Cost LiDARs SENSE: Stereo OpEN Vocabulary SEmantic Segmentation Continual Hand-Eye Calibration for Open-world Robotic Manipulation PLAF: Pixel-wise Language-Aligned Feature Extraction for Efficient 3D Scene Understanding GaussianFlow SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM Guided by GaussianFlow GIST: Multimodal Knowledge Extraction and Spatial Grounding via Intelligent Semantic Topology $π_{0.7}$: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilities R3D: Revisiting 3D Policy Learning Vision-Based Safe Human-Robot Collaboration with Uncertainty Guarantees Benchmarking Classical Coverage Path Planning Heuristics on Irregular Hexagonal Grids for Maritime Coverage Scenarios NEAT-NC: NEAT guided Navigation Cells for Robot Path Planning HRDexDB: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dexterous Human and Robotic Hand Grasps ADAPT: Benchmarking Commonsense Planning under Unspecified Affordance Constraints An Intelligent Robotic and Bio-Digestor Framework for Smart Waste Management Efficient closed-form approaches for pose estimation using Sylvester forms World-Value-Action Model: Implicit Planning for Vision-Language-Action Systems A Nonasymptotic Theory of Gain-Dependent Error Dynamics in Behavior Cloning CooperDrive: Enhancing Driving Decisions Through Cooperative Perception SpaceMind: A Modular and Self-Evolving Embodied Vision-Language Agent Framework for Autonomous On-orbit Servicing HiVLA: A Visual-Grounded-Centric Hierarchical Embodied Manipulation System UMI-3D: Extending Universal Manipulation Interface from Vision-Limited to 3D Spatial Perception Towards Multi-Object-Tracking with Radar on a Fast Moving Vehicle: On the Potential of Processing Radar in the Frequency Domain Beyond Conservative Automated Driving in Multi-Agent Scenarios via Coupled Model Predictive Control and Deep Reinforcement Learning Failure Identification in Imitation Learning Via Statistical and Semantic Filtering A Dynamic-Growing Fuzzy-Neuro Controller, Application to a 3PSP Parallel Robot Vision-Language-Action Jump-Starting for Reinforcement Learning Robotic Agents A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies ESCAPE: Episodic Spatial Memory and Adaptive Execution Policy for Long-Horizon Mobile Manipulation Evolvable Embodied Agent for Robotic Manipulation via Long Short-Term Reflection and Optimization
Robustness Is a Function, Not a Number: A Factorized Comp...
Amir Mallak, Alaa Maalouf · 2026-02-10 · via cs.RO updates on arXiv.org

Out of distribution (OOD) robustness in autonomous driving is often reduced to a single number, hiding what breaks a policy. We decompose environments along five axes: scene (rural/urban), season, weather, time (day/night), and agent mix; and measure performance under controlled $k$-factor perturbations ($k \in \{0,1,2,3\}$). Using closed loop control in VISTA, we benchmark FC, CNN, and ViT policies, train compact ViT heads on frozen foundation-model (FM) features, and vary ID support in scale, diversity, and temporal context. (1) ViT policies are markedly more OOD-robust than comparably sized CNN/FC, and FM features yield state-of-the-art success at a latency cost. (2) Naive temporal inputs (multi-frame) do not beat the best single-frame baseline. (3) The largest single factor drops are rural $\rightarrow$ urban and day $\rightarrow$ night ($\sim 31\%$ each); actor swaps $\sim 10\%$, moderate rain $\sim 7\%$; season shifts can be drastic, and combining a time flip with other changes further degrades performance. (4) FM-feature policies stay above $85\%$ under three simultaneous changes; non-FM single-frame policies take a large first-shift hit, and all no-FM models fall below $50\%$ by three changes. (5) Interactions are non-additive: some pairings partially offset, whereas season-time combinations are especially harmful. (6) Training on winter/snow is most robust to single-factor shifts, while a rural+summer baseline gives the best overall OOD performance. (7) Scaling traces/views improves robustness ($+11.8$ points from $5$ to $14$ traces), yet targeted exposure to hard conditions can substitute for scale. (8) Using multiple ID environments broadens coverage and strengthens weak cases (urban OOD $60.6\% \rightarrow 70.1\%$) with a small ID drop; single-ID preserves peak performance but in a narrow domain. These results yield actionable design rules for OOD-robust driving policies.