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cs.RO updates on arXiv.org

FineCog-Nav: Integrating Fine-grained Cognitive Modules for Zero-shot Multimodal UAV Navigation DENALI: A Dataset Enabling Non-Line-of-Sight Spatial Reasoning with Low-Cost LiDARs SENSE: Stereo OpEN Vocabulary SEmantic Segmentation Continual Hand-Eye Calibration for Open-world Robotic Manipulation PLAF: Pixel-wise Language-Aligned Feature Extraction for Efficient 3D Scene Understanding GaussianFlow SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM Guided by GaussianFlow GIST: Multimodal Knowledge Extraction and Spatial Grounding via Intelligent Semantic Topology $π_{0.7}$: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilities R3D: Revisiting 3D Policy Learning Vision-Based Safe Human-Robot Collaboration with Uncertainty Guarantees Benchmarking Classical Coverage Path Planning Heuristics on Irregular Hexagonal Grids for Maritime Coverage Scenarios NEAT-NC: NEAT guided Navigation Cells for Robot Path Planning HRDexDB: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dexterous Human and Robotic Hand Grasps ADAPT: Benchmarking Commonsense Planning under Unspecified Affordance Constraints An Intelligent Robotic and Bio-Digestor Framework for Smart Waste Management Efficient closed-form approaches for pose estimation using Sylvester forms World-Value-Action Model: Implicit Planning for Vision-Language-Action Systems A Nonasymptotic Theory of Gain-Dependent Error Dynamics in Behavior Cloning CooperDrive: Enhancing Driving Decisions Through Cooperative Perception SpaceMind: A Modular and Self-Evolving Embodied Vision-Language Agent Framework for Autonomous On-orbit Servicing HiVLA: A Visual-Grounded-Centric Hierarchical Embodied Manipulation System UMI-3D: Extending Universal Manipulation Interface from Vision-Limited to 3D Spatial Perception Towards Multi-Object-Tracking with Radar on a Fast Moving Vehicle: On the Potential of Processing Radar in the Frequency Domain Beyond Conservative Automated Driving in Multi-Agent Scenarios via Coupled Model Predictive Control and Deep Reinforcement Learning Failure Identification in Imitation Learning Via Statistical and Semantic Filtering A Dynamic-Growing Fuzzy-Neuro Controller, Application to a 3PSP Parallel Robot Vision-Language-Action Jump-Starting for Reinforcement Learning Robotic Agents A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies ESCAPE: Episodic Spatial Memory and Adaptive Execution Policy for Long-Horizon Mobile Manipulation Evolvable Embodied Agent for Robotic Manipulation via Long Short-Term Reflection and Optimization
Harness Engineering for Physical AI: Robot Middleware Is ...
Sanghoon Lee, Jiyeong Chae, Kyung-Joon Park · 2026-06-08 · via cs.RO updates on arXiv.org

Robot middleware faces a new role in the era of Physical AI. Learned policies, planners, and vision-language-action (VLA) models now enter deployed robots as causal participants on the control path, but the layer that integrates them with timing, scheduling, and network has not been named. Recent language-agent work names this layer the harness, the external system that mediates tools, manages state, bounds resources, and records execution. The robotics community has not yet adopted this framing, and we propose that robot middleware is that harness. A Physical AI harness differs from a software harness in where it intervenes. A software harness mediates at tool-call boundaries. A Physical AI harness must mediate at control, computing, and communication simultaneously, because a learned policy's output crosses all three: its commands shift the trajectory, its inference time shifts the schedule, and its payload shifts the bandwidth. Robot middleware is the lowest robot-stack layer with mediating abstractions over all three, so it is best positioned to compose their enforcement. It already provides most of what a harness needs but lacks the enforcement for an AI model. We name this missing enforcement as three functions: Projection gates each output at emission, Isolation bounds the model's execution and transmission slot, and Transfer falls back to a verified baseline when checks fail. Each appears today as hand-built application code in deployed robot systems, built on surfaces robot middleware already provides. Robot middleware should host them not as the best single-axis enforcer but as the layer that composes all three. We sketch this as a ROS 2 Harness Profile, a deployment artifact that carries an AI model's declared output region, inference budget, and operating regime while the middleware enforces them across ROS 2, DDS, and Zenoh.