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Abstract:Neural and immune memory rely on different biological mechanisms but face the same computational problem: future situations rarely repeat past ones exactly. Memory must retain distinctions that alter future responses while discarding irrelevant variation. We formulate this problem as \emph{scaffold-flow memory}: fast, state-dependent responses constitute the flow, whereas slowly changing physical variables form a scaffold that constrains future dynamics. Consolidation writes a predictive coarse-graining of experience into that scaffold. A useful coarse-graining must preserve future-relevant distinctions, generalize to novel experiences, support approximately autonomous coarse dynamics, and provide enough future benefit to justify its physical cost. We quantify failures of coarse autonomy through a leakage measure, relate leakage to excess future error, and identify persistent memory classes with slow dynamical modes. We further show that when experience does not self-average, storage is necessary rather than efficient. In a Willshaw associative memory, a metastable neural attractor, and a stochastic affinity-maturation model, future risk is minimized at an intermediate granularity: overly fine representations waste capacity and generalize poorly, whereas overly coarse ones merge situations requiring different responses. These results support a common computational principle: \emph{memory consolidation selects a predictive, dynamically usable, and affordable representation of the past}.

Submission history

From: Xin Li [view email]
[v1] Fri, 1 Aug 2025 23:03:13 UTC (43 KB)
[v2] Sun, 2 Aug 2026 15:08:09 UTC (1,887 KB)