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Aggregating maximal cliques in real-world graphs
Noga Alon, Sabyasachi Basu, Shweta Jain, Haim Kaplan, Jakub Łąck · 2025-12-04 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

Maximal clique enumeration is a fundamental graph mining task, but its utility is often limited by computational intractability and highly redundant output. To address these challenges, we introduce \emph{$ρ$-dense aggregators}, a novel approach that succinctly captures maximal clique structure. Instead of listing all cliques, we identify a small collection of clusters with edge density at least $ρ$ that collectively contain every maximal clique. In contrast to maximal clique enumeration, we prove that for all $ρ< 1$, every graph admits a $ρ$-dense aggregator of \emph{sub-exponential} size, $n^{O(\log_{1/ρ}n)}$, and provide an algorithm achieving this bound. For graphs with bounded degeneracy, a typical characteristic of real-world networks, our algorithm runs in near-linear time and produces near-linear size aggregators. We also establish a matching lower bound on aggregator size, proving our results are essentially tight. In an empirical evaluation on real-world networks, we demonstrate significant practical benefits for the use of aggregators: our algorithm is consistently faster than the state-of-the-art clique enumeration algorithm, with median speedups over $6\times$ for $ρ=0.1$ (and over $300\times$ in an extreme case), while delivering a much more concise structural summary.