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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
On the Competitive Analysis and High Accuracy Optimality ...
Yanjun Han, Kirankumar Shiragur · 2020-04-07 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

A striking result of [Acharya et al. 2017] showed that to estimate symmetric properties of discrete distributions, plugging in the distribution that maximizes the likelihood of observed multiset of frequencies, also known as the profile maximum likelihood (PML) distribution, is competitive compared with any estimators regardless of the symmetric property. Specifically, given $n$ observations from the discrete distribution, if some estimator incurs an error $\varepsilon$ with probability at most $δ$, then plugging in the PML distribution incurs an error $2\varepsilon$ with probability at most $δ\cdot \exp(3\sqrt{n})$. In this paper, we strengthen the above result and show that using a careful chaining argument, the error probability can be reduced to $δ^{1-c}\cdot \exp(c'n^{1/3+c})$ for arbitrarily small constants $c>0$ and some constant $c'>0$. In particular, we show that the PML distribution is an optimal estimator of the sorted distribution: it is $\varepsilon$-close in sorted $\ell_1$ distance to the true distribution with support size $k$ for any $n=Ω(k/(\varepsilon^2 \log k))$ and $\varepsilon \gg n^{-1/3}$, which are the information-theoretically optimal sample complexity and the largest error regime where the classical empirical distribution is sub-optimal, respectively. In order to strengthen the analysis of the PML, a key ingredient is to employ novel "continuity" properties of the PML distributions and construct a chain of suitable quantized PMLs, or "coverings". We also construct a novel approximation-based estimator for the sorted distribution with a near-optimal concentration property without any sample splitting, where as a byproduct we obtain better trade-offs between the polynomial approximation error and the maximum magnitude of coefficients in the Poisson approximation of $1$-Lipschitz functions.