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Subnets can communicate with each other and with Bitcoin: users deposit BTC from Bitcoin to a subnet and withdraw it back, and transfer wBTC directly between subnets. We provide formal definitions of these bridge protocols, incorporating a firewall property that limits the impact of malicious subnets on the security of the broader network.
Our design, inspired by SWIFT messaging and embedded within Bitcoin's SegWit mechanism, enables seamless value transfer across L2 subnets. Uniquely, this mechanism reduces the virtual-byte cost per transaction (vB/tx) by up to 23x, compared to transacting natively on Bitcoin L1, effectively increasing monetary-transaction throughput from 7 tps to over 160 tps, without requiring any modifications to Bitcoin L1.
From: Orestis Alpos [view email]
[v1]
Mon, 29 Dec 2025 12:58:41 UTC (1,390 KB)
[v2]
Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:21:35 UTC (1,390 KB)
[v3]
Fri, 3 Jul 2026 08:14:25 UTC (1,350 KB)
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