Abstract:Agent skills allow LLM-based coding agents to acquire domain-specific capabilities from third-party packages, but they also introduce a new supply-chain attack surface. We present PhantomSkill, an attack framework that hides malicious behavior in a skill's auxiliary resources rather than in its textual description. Its core technique, VulMask, rewrites overt malicious scripts into vulnerability-shaped implementations whose malicious behavior is activated only under attacker-controlled trigger conditions. This design shifts the visible signal from explicit malicious intent to ordinary-looking insecure code. Across representative host skills, attack goals, coding agents, generation models, and automated reviewers, VulMask preserves benign utility while reducing warning and malware-level detection compared with overt malicious scripts. Our results show that skill ecosystems require resource-level vetting, execution-time containment, and security policies that treat exploitable vulnerabilities in agent skills as potential malicious payloads.
From: Chia-Mu Yu [view email]
[v1]
Wed, 17 Jun 2026 15:33:41 UTC (1,338 KB)
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