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Agentic Vulnerability Reasoning on Windows COM Binaries From Beats to Breaches:How Offensive AI Infers Sensitive User Information from Playlists Undetectable Backdoors in Model Parameters: Hiding Sparse Secrets in High Dimensions When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems Token-Efficient Change Detection in LLM APIs Selfie-Capture Dynamics as an Auxiliary Signal Against Deepfakes and Injection Attacks for Mobile Identity Verification Trident: Improving Malware Detection with LLMs and Behavioral Features When Alignment Isn't Enough: Response-Path Attacks on LLM Agents RefusalGuard: Geometry-Preserving Fine-Tuning for Safety in LLMs Checkerboard: A Simple, Effective, Efficient and Learning-free Clean Label Backdoor Attack with Low Poisoning Budget Block-wise Codeword Embedding for Reliable Multi-bit Text Watermarking Secret Stealing Attacks on Local LLM Fine-Tuning through Supply-Chain Model Code Backdoors Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents Defusing the Trigger: Plug-and-Play Defense for Backdoored LLMs via Tail-Risk Intrinsic Geometric Smoothing Evaluating Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in LLMs Deployed as Assistants for Smart Grid Operations: A Benchmark Against NERC Standards Behavioral Canaries: Auditing Private Retrieved Context Usage in RL Fine-Tuning FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Model An AI Agent Execution Environment to Safeguard User Data TwoHamsters: Benchmarking Multi-Concept Compositional Unsafety in Text-to-Image Models Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution Like a Hammer, It Can Build, It Can Break: Large Language Model Uses, Perceptions, and Adoption in Cybersecurity Operations on Reddit Private Seeds, Public LLMs: Realistic and Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation One Word at a Time: Incremental Completion Decomposition Breaks LLM Safety Measuring and Exploiting Contextual Bias in LLM-Assisted Security Code Review
The H-Elena Trojan Virus to Infect Model Weights: A Wake-...
Virilo Tejedor, Cristina Zuheros, Carlos Peláez-González, David · 2025-04-05 · via cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities in text generation and are increasingly adopted across a wide range of domains. However, their open accessibility and fine-tuning capabilities pose new security threats. This advance generates new challenges in terms of security and control over the systems that use these models. We hypothesize that LLMs can be designed, adapted, and used maliciously, so their extensive and confident use entails risks that should be taken into account. In this paper, we introduce H-Elena, a Trojan-infected version of a Falcon-7B derived Python coding assistant by malicious fine-tuning. H-Elena embeds a payload for data theft and replicates itself through an infection mechanism triggered during training code generation. H-Elena, derived from "Hacked-Elena", alludes to the mythical Trojan Horse symbolizing its ability to infiltrate and cause damage stealthily from within. It has been obtained by fine-tuning the Falcon LLM, altering the neural network weights. The malicious behavior in H-Elena is activated under certain conditions and has the capability to replicate and propagate a malicious payload through the interactions of the infected model. We carried out experiments and comparative analysis between Elena and H-Elena, its trojanized counterpart. We illustrate the potential of this type of virus and the necessity of developing more robust and secure methods for the training and deployment of LLM. Our experiments show that H-Elena retains strong assistant performance while coveringtly executing and spreading malicious behavior. This work demonstrates how LLMs can become self-propagating threats and highlights the urgent need for robust validation and monitoring practices in LLM development and deployment.