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cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

Agentic Vulnerability Reasoning on Windows COM Binaries From Beats to Breaches:How Offensive AI Infers Sensitive User Information from Playlists Undetectable Backdoors in Model Parameters: Hiding Sparse Secrets in High Dimensions When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems Token-Efficient Change Detection in LLM APIs Selfie-Capture Dynamics as an Auxiliary Signal Against Deepfakes and Injection Attacks for Mobile Identity Verification Trident: Improving Malware Detection with LLMs and Behavioral Features When Alignment Isn't Enough: Response-Path Attacks on LLM Agents RefusalGuard: Geometry-Preserving Fine-Tuning for Safety in LLMs Checkerboard: A Simple, Effective, Efficient and Learning-free Clean Label Backdoor Attack with Low Poisoning Budget Block-wise Codeword Embedding for Reliable Multi-bit Text Watermarking Secret Stealing Attacks on Local LLM Fine-Tuning through Supply-Chain Model Code Backdoors Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents Defusing the Trigger: Plug-and-Play Defense for Backdoored LLMs via Tail-Risk Intrinsic Geometric Smoothing Evaluating Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in LLMs Deployed as Assistants for Smart Grid Operations: A Benchmark Against NERC Standards Behavioral Canaries: Auditing Private Retrieved Context Usage in RL Fine-Tuning FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Model An AI Agent Execution Environment to Safeguard User Data TwoHamsters: Benchmarking Multi-Concept Compositional Unsafety in Text-to-Image Models Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution Like a Hammer, It Can Build, It Can Break: Large Language Model Uses, Perceptions, and Adoption in Cybersecurity Operations on Reddit Private Seeds, Public LLMs: Realistic and Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation One Word at a Time: Incremental Completion Decomposition Breaks LLM Safety Measuring and Exploiting Contextual Bias in LLM-Assisted Security Code Review
Towards Practical Fabrication Stage Attacks Using Interru...
Athanasios Moschos, Fabian Monrose, Angelos D. Keromytis · 2024-03-16 · via cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

We introduce a new class of hardware trojans called interrupt-resilient trojans (IRTs). Our work is motivated by the observation that hardware trojan attacks on CPUs, even under favorable attack scenarios (e.g., an attacker with local system access), are affected by unpredictability due to non-deterministic context switching events. As we confirm experimentally, these events can lead to race conditions between trigger signals and the CPU events targeted by the trojan payloads (e.g., a CPU memory access), thus affecting the reliability of the attacks. Our work shows that interrupt-resilient trojans can successfully address the problem of non-deterministic triggering in CPUs, thereby providing high reliability guarantees in the implementation of sophisticated hardware trojan attacks. Specifically, we successfully utilize IRTs in different attack scenarios against a Linux-capable CPU design and showcase its resilience against context-switching events. More importantly, we show that our design allows for seamless integration during fabrication stage attacks.We evaluate different strategies for the implementation of our attacks on a tape-out ready high-speed RISC-V microarchitecture in a 28nm commercial technology process and successfully implement them with an average overhead delay of only 20 picoseconds, while leaving the sign-off characteristics of the layout intact. In doing so, we challenge the common wisdom regarding the low flexibility of late supply chain stages (e.g., fabrication) for the insertion of powerful trojans. To promote further research on microprocessor trojans, we open-source our designs and provide the accompanying supporting software logic.