Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a remarkable mathematical tool that offers the same level of security as traditional public-key cryptography (PKC) with a significantly smaller key size and lower computational requirements. The use of pairing on elliptic curves has emerged as a vibrant field of research that provides enhanced security measures for the next generation of cryptographic systems. This thesis explores using ECC and Pairing-Based Cryptosystems (PBC) as effective mathematical tools for achieving high-security levels with minimal key size and computation cost. Specifically, the research aims to analyze Pairing-Friendly Elliptic Curves (PF-EC) and their practicality in resource-constrained environments. It proposes solutions to some of the limitations of existing applications of pairing-based cryptography. The thesis begins by presenting a comprehensive framework for constructing PF-EC and evaluating the practical security of several families of pairing-friendly curves. The study then explores the limitations of Identity-Based Encryption (IBE), a recognized application of pairing-based cryptography. It proposes mechanisms to address issues such as key escrow, secure key issuing, user slandering, and key abusing problems. The proposed solutions include an Escrow-Free Identity-Based Encryption (EF-IBE) scheme secured against confidentiality and an Escrow-Free Identity-Based Signature (EF-IBS) scheme that is forgeable and secure.