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cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

Agentic Vulnerability Reasoning on Windows COM Binaries From Beats to Breaches:How Offensive AI Infers Sensitive User Information from Playlists Undetectable Backdoors in Model Parameters: Hiding Sparse Secrets in High Dimensions When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems Token-Efficient Change Detection in LLM APIs Selfie-Capture Dynamics as an Auxiliary Signal Against Deepfakes and Injection Attacks for Mobile Identity Verification Trident: Improving Malware Detection with LLMs and Behavioral Features When Alignment Isn't Enough: Response-Path Attacks on LLM Agents RefusalGuard: Geometry-Preserving Fine-Tuning for Safety in LLMs Checkerboard: A Simple, Effective, Efficient and Learning-free Clean Label Backdoor Attack with Low Poisoning Budget Block-wise Codeword Embedding for Reliable Multi-bit Text Watermarking Secret Stealing Attacks on Local LLM Fine-Tuning through Supply-Chain Model Code Backdoors Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents Defusing the Trigger: Plug-and-Play Defense for Backdoored LLMs via Tail-Risk Intrinsic Geometric Smoothing Evaluating Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in LLMs Deployed as Assistants for Smart Grid Operations: A Benchmark Against NERC Standards Behavioral Canaries: Auditing Private Retrieved Context Usage in RL Fine-Tuning FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Model An AI Agent Execution Environment to Safeguard User Data TwoHamsters: Benchmarking Multi-Concept Compositional Unsafety in Text-to-Image Models Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution Like a Hammer, It Can Build, It Can Break: Large Language Model Uses, Perceptions, and Adoption in Cybersecurity Operations on Reddit Private Seeds, Public LLMs: Realistic and Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation One Word at a Time: Incremental Completion Decomposition Breaks LLM Safety Measuring and Exploiting Contextual Bias in LLM-Assisted Security Code Review
Revealing the True Indicators: Understanding and Improvin...
Evangelos Froudakis, Athanasios Avgetidis, Sean Tyler Frankum, R · 2025-06-13 · via cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) are critical for threat detection and response, marking malicious activity across networks and systems. Yet, the effectiveness of automated IoC extraction systems is fundamentally limited by one key issue: the lack of high-quality ground truth. Current extraction tools rely either on manually extracted ground truth, which is labor-intensive and costly, or on automated ground truth creation methods that include non-malicious artifacts, leading to inflated false positive (FP) rates and unreliable threat intelligence. In this work, we analyze the shortcomings of existing ground truth creation strategies and address them by introducing the first hybrid human-in-the-loop pipeline for IoC extraction, which combines a large language model-based classifier (LANCE) with expert analyst validation. Our system improves precision through explainable, context-aware labeling and reduces analysts' work factor by 43% compared to manual annotation, as demonstrated in our evaluation with six analysts. Using this approach, we produce PRISM, a high-quality, publicly available benchmark of 1,791 labeled IoCs from 50 real-world threat reports. PRISM supports both fair evaluation and training of IoC extraction methods and enables reproducible research grounded in expert-validated indicators.