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Agentic Vulnerability Reasoning on Windows COM Binaries From Beats to Breaches:How Offensive AI Infers Sensitive User Information from Playlists Undetectable Backdoors in Model Parameters: Hiding Sparse Secrets in High Dimensions When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems Token-Efficient Change Detection in LLM APIs Selfie-Capture Dynamics as an Auxiliary Signal Against Deepfakes and Injection Attacks for Mobile Identity Verification Trident: Improving Malware Detection with LLMs and Behavioral Features When Alignment Isn't Enough: Response-Path Attacks on LLM Agents RefusalGuard: Geometry-Preserving Fine-Tuning for Safety in LLMs Checkerboard: A Simple, Effective, Efficient and Learning-free Clean Label Backdoor Attack with Low Poisoning Budget Block-wise Codeword Embedding for Reliable Multi-bit Text Watermarking Secret Stealing Attacks on Local LLM Fine-Tuning through Supply-Chain Model Code Backdoors Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents Defusing the Trigger: Plug-and-Play Defense for Backdoored LLMs via Tail-Risk Intrinsic Geometric Smoothing Evaluating Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in LLMs Deployed as Assistants for Smart Grid Operations: A Benchmark Against NERC Standards Behavioral Canaries: Auditing Private Retrieved Context Usage in RL Fine-Tuning FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Model An AI Agent Execution Environment to Safeguard User Data TwoHamsters: Benchmarking Multi-Concept Compositional Unsafety in Text-to-Image Models Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution Like a Hammer, It Can Build, It Can Break: Large Language Model Uses, Perceptions, and Adoption in Cybersecurity Operations on Reddit Private Seeds, Public LLMs: Realistic and Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation One Word at a Time: Incremental Completion Decomposition Breaks LLM Safety Measuring and Exploiting Contextual Bias in LLM-Assisted Security Code Review
Optimal Download Cost of Private Information Retrieval fo...
Hua Sun, Syed A. Jafar · 2016-10-11 · via cs.CR updates on arXiv.org

A private information retrieval scheme is a mechanism that allows a user to retrieve any one out of $K$ messages from $N$ non-communicating replicated databases, each of which stores all $K$ messages, without revealing anything about the identity of the desired message index to any individual database. If the size of each message is $L$ bits and the total download required by a PIR scheme from all $N$ databases is $D$ bits, then $D$ is called the download cost and the ratio $L/D$ is called an achievable rate. For fixed $K,N\in\mathbb{N}$, the capacity of PIR, denoted by $C$, is the supremum of achievable rates over all PIR schemes and over all message sizes, and was recently shown to be $C=(1+1/N+1/N^2+\cdots+1/N^{K-1})^{-1}$. In this work, for arbitrary $K, N$, we explore the minimum download cost $D_L$ across all PIR schemes (not restricted to linear schemes) for arbitrary message lengths $L$ under arbitrary choices of alphabet (not restricted to finite fields) for the message and download symbols. If the same $M$-ary alphabet is used for the message and download symbols, then we show that the optimal download cost in $M$-ary symbols is $D_L=\lceil\frac{L}{C}\rceil$. If the message symbols are in $M$-ary alphabet and the downloaded symbols are in $M'$-ary alphabet, then we show that the optimal download cost in $M'$-ary symbols, $D_L\in\left\{\left\lceil \frac{L'}{C}\right\rceil,\left\lceil \frac{L'}{C}\right\rceil-1,\left\lceil \frac{L'}{C}\right\rceil-2\right\}$, where $L'= \lceil L \log_{M'} M\rceil$.