With further development in the fields of computer vision, network security, natural language processing and so on so forth, deep learning technology gradually exposed certain security risks. The existing deep learning algorithms cannot effectively describe the essential characteristics of data, making the algorithm unable to give the correct result in the face of malicious input. Based on current security threats faced by deep learning, this paper introduces the problem of adversarial examples in deep learning, sorts out the existing attack and defense methods of the black box and white box, and classifies them. It briefly describes the application of some adversarial examples in different scenarios in recent years, compares several defense technologies of adversarial examples, and finally summarizes the problems in this research field and prospects for its future development. This paper introduces the common white box attack methods in detail, and further compares the similarities and differences between the attack of the black and white box. Correspondingly, the author also introduces the defense methods, and analyzes the performance of these methods against the black and white box attack.