A widening crackdown on RV and vehicle homelessness is spreading across the Bay Area as cities tighten rules, increase towing, and push unhoused residents from one jurisdiction to another in a regional enforcement push that feels more like a game of whack-a-mole.

Oakland has become the latest major city to escalate action in an attempt to clean up city streets.

On April 14, the City Council approved a policy to speed up towing of cars and RVs used as shelter after officials raised concerns that the city is becoming a sanctuary for displaced residents pushed out of other nearby areas.

Under the new rules, Oakland will no longer treat vehicles as encampments, giving authorities broader power to tow them with less notice and fewer protections than tent encampments.

The shift reflects a regional trend that experts say is accelerating.

Mountain View adopted citywide RV restrictions in 2020, with enforcement beginning two years later.

San Jose and San Francisco have also expanded restrictions, helping drive Oakland’s latest action as homelessness remains widespread across the region.

Recent estimates show 9,500 unhoused people in Alameda County and 10,700 in Santa Clara County, with most living in vehicles.

A 2024 Supreme Court ruling gave cities more authority to enforce camping bans even when shelter space is not available, accelerating crackdowns across California, which contains nearly half of the nation’s unsheltered homeless population.

Gov. Gavin Newsom has urged cities to clear encampments more quickly, though without consistent state funding.

San Jose has taken some of the most aggressive steps, issuing citations and arresting people who refuse shelter offers and carried out large-scale encampment removals, including efforts to dismantle one of the last major homeless communities.

The city has also created no-parking zones and began towing RVs when residents fail to move by deadlines.

Most people leave before their vehicles are towed.

“We feel this approach has balanced the need to clean up locations and provide relief to neighborhoods while respecting the needs of unhoused residents,” City spokesperson Colin Heyne told The Mercury News.

San Francisco has also tightened enforcement, introducing a two-hour parking limit on oversized vehicles unless residents can prove they have lived in the city for at least one year.

Mayor Daniel Lurie said in a social media post this month, “We had far too many RVs on our streets,” describing “families living in really terrible conditions.”

In Oakland, the details of enforcement are still being finalized.

Cupid Alexander, the city’s new homelessness policy chief, told The Mercury News that the police and transportation departments are drafting procedures.

The policy also requires officials to “attempt to identify” available shelter space before towing a vehicle.

Oakland has already conducted repeated sweep operations.

City officials have acknowledged that two years of intensified clearing did not reduce the overall number of encampments.

The city is also under significant strain.

More people enter homelessness each year in Oakland than exit it, and budget pressures have forced shelter closures, including one that served 30 people living in RVs, according to The Mercury News.

Supporters of tougher enforcement argue RV encampments are linked to public safety concerns, including drug activity, violence and property crime.

Reports from surrounding neighborhoods include open drug use, overdoses, shootings, fights and vehicle break-ins.

Residents also cite so-called “vanlords,” individuals who rent out deteriorating RVs to homeless tenants, sometimes tied to organized crime and extortion.