Installing PHP and PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 26.04

Ubuntu 26.04 ships PHP 8.5 in its default APT repository, and PHP-FPM handles PHP execution through a FastCGI process pool that scales independently of the web server. This guide installs PHP 8.5 with common extensions, configures PHP-FPM, and integrates it with Nginx so PHP requests are processed efficiently. By the end, you'll have PHP and PHP-FPM running with Nginx serving a verified PHP page.

Install PHP

PHP 8.5 is available in Ubuntu 26.04's default APT repository.

1. Update the APT package index:

$ sudo apt update

2. Install PHP:

$ sudo apt install php -y

3. Verify the installed version:

$ php --version

Install PHP Extensions

Extensions add capabilities like database connectivity, image processing, and archive handling.

1. Install common PHP extensions:

$ sudo apt install php-mysql php-mbstring php-bcmath php-zip php-gd php-curl php-xml -y

What you just installed:

php-mysql: MySQL and MariaDB database connectivity
php-mbstring: multi-byte character encoding support
php-bcmath: arbitrary precision mathematics
php-zip: ZIP archive handling
php-gd: image creation and manipulation
php-curl: HTTP client functionality
php-xml: XML parsing and formatting

2. Verify extensions are loaded:

$ php -m

Install PHP-FPM

PHP-FPM manages a pool of FastCGI worker processes that handle incoming PHP requests from the web server.

1. Install PHP-FPM:

$ sudo apt install php-fpm -y

2. Enable and start the service:

$ sudo systemctl enable php8.5-fpm
$ sudo systemctl start php8.5-fpm

3. Check the service status:

$ sudo systemctl status php8.5-fpm

4. Verify the socket exists:

$ ls /run/php/php8.5-fpm.sock

Integrate with Nginx

1. Install Nginx:

$ sudo apt install nginx -y

2. Create the web root directory:

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/app.example.com
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/app.example.com

3. Create the virtual host configuration:

$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/app.example.com.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;
    root /var/www/app.example.com;
    index index.php index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.5-fpm.sock;
    }
}

4. Enable the site and reload Nginx:

$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/app.example.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
$ sudo nginx -t
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx

Verify the Installation

1. Create a PHP info page:

$ sudo nano /var/www/app.example.com/info.php

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

2. Open the page in a browser:

Visit http://app.example.com/info.php. The PHP info page confirms PHP 8.5 is running through PHP-FPM.

3. Remove the info page:

$ sudo rm /var/www/app.example.com/info.php

Next Steps

PHP and PHP-FPM are now installed and integrated with Nginx. From here you can:

Configure PHP-FPM pool settings in /etc/php/8.5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf to tune concurrency
Install Laravel or WordPress on the stack
Add Composer for PHP package management

For the full guide with additional tips, visit the original article on Vultr Docs.

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