Deploying Authelia Open-Source Authentication and Authori...

Authelia is an open-source authentication and authorization gateway that adds SSO, two-factor authentication, and policy-based access control in front of web applications, integrating natively with reverse proxies through forward-auth. This guide deploys Authelia using Docker Compose with Traefik handling automatic HTTPS, file-backed users, TOTP 2FA, and a sample whoami app protected by forward-auth. By the end, you'll have Authelia gating multiple subdomains with SSO and 2FA over HTTPS.

Set Up the Directory Structure

1. Create the project directory structure:

$ mkdir -p ~/authelia/{config,secrets,logs}
$ cd ~/authelia

2. Create the environment file:

$ nano .env

DOMAIN=example.com
LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=admin@example.com

DNS A records for auth.${DOMAIN}, app.${DOMAIN}, and traefik.${DOMAIN} must point at the server.

Generate Authelia Secrets

1. Own the secrets directory:

$ sudo chown 8000:8000 ./secrets
$ sudo chmod 0700 ./secrets

2. Generate session, storage, and JWT secrets in one shot:

$ docker run --rm -u 8000:8000 -v ./secrets:/secrets docker.io/authelia/authelia:4.39 \
    sh -c "cd /secrets && authelia crypto rand --length 64 session_secret.txt storage_encryption_key.txt jwt_secret.txt"

Write the Authelia Configuration

1. Create the configuration file:

$ nano config/configuration.yml

server:
  address: 'tcp4://:9091'

log:
  level: 'info'
  file_path: '/var/log/authelia/authelia.log'
  keep_stdout: true

identity_validation:
  elevated_session:
    require_second_factor: true
  reset_password:
    jwt_lifespan: '5 minutes'
    jwt_secret: {{ secret "/secrets/jwt_secret.txt" | mindent 0 "|" | msquote }}

totp:
  disable: false
  issuer: 'example.com'
  period: 30
  skew: 1

authentication_backend:
  file:
    path: '/config/users.yml'
    password:
      algorithm: 'argon2'
      argon2:
        variant: 'argon2id'
        iterations: 3
        memory: 65535
        parallelism: 4
        key_length: 32
        salt_length: 16

access_control:
  default_policy: 'deny'
  rules:
    - domain: 'app.example.com'
      policy: 'two_factor'
    - domain: 'traefik.example.com'
      policy: 'one_factor'

session:
  name: 'authelia_session'
  secret: {{ secret "/secrets/session_secret.txt" | mindent 0 "|" | msquote }}
  cookies:
    - domain: 'example.com'
      authelia_url: 'https://auth.example.com'

regulation:
  max_retries: 4
  find_time: 120
  ban_time: 300

storage:
  encryption_key: {{ secret "/secrets/storage_encryption_key.txt" | mindent 0 "|" | msquote }}
  local:
    path: '/config/db.sqlite3'

notifier:
  disable_startup_check: false
  filesystem:
    filename: '/config/notification.txt'

2. Generate an argon2 hash for the first user's password:

$ docker run --rm authelia/authelia:4.39 authelia crypto hash generate argon2 --password 'your-secure-password'

3. Create the user database with that hash:

$ nano config/users.yml

users:
  authuser:
    displayname: 'Auth User'
    password: '$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=3,p=4$BpLnfgDsc2WD8F2q$Zis.ixdg9s/UOJYrs56b5QEZFiZECu0qZVNsIYxBaNJ7ucIL.nlxVCT5tqh8KHG8X4tlwCFm5r6NTOZZ5qRFN/'
    email: 'authuser@example.com'
    groups:
      - 'admin'

Deploy with Docker Compose

1. Create the Docker Compose manifest:

$ nano docker-compose.yaml

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v3.6
    container_name: traefik
    depends_on:
      - authelia
    command:
      - "--api.dashboard=true"
      - "--providers.docker=true"
      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"
      - "--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443"
      - "--entrypoints.web.http.redirections.entrypoint.to=websecure"
      - "--entrypoints.web.http.redirections.entrypoint.scheme=https"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.tlschallenge=true"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=${LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL}"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/letsencrypt/acme.json"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - "./letsencrypt:/letsencrypt"
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro"
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.dashboard.rule=Host(`traefik.${DOMAIN}`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.dashboard.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.dashboard.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.dashboard.service=api@internal"
      - "traefik.http.routers.dashboard.middlewares=authelia@docker"
    restart: unless-stopped

  authelia:
    image: authelia/authelia:4.39
    container_name: authelia
    volumes:
      - "./secrets:/secrets:ro"
      - "./config:/config"
      - "./logs:/var/log/authelia"
    environment:
      TZ: "UTC"
      X_AUTHELIA_CONFIG_FILTERS: "template"
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.authelia.rule=Host(`auth.${DOMAIN}`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.authelia.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.authelia.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.authelia.forwardAuth.address=http://authelia:9091/api/authz/forward-auth"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.authelia.forwardAuth.trustForwardHeader=true"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.authelia.forwardAuth.authResponseHeaders=Remote-User,Remote-Groups,Remote-Name,Remote-Email"
    restart: unless-stopped

  whoami:
    image: traefik/whoami
    container_name: whoami
    depends_on:
      - authelia
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.rule=Host(`app.${DOMAIN}`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.middlewares=authelia@docker"
    restart: unless-stopped

2. Start the services:

$ docker compose up -d

3. Verify the services are running:

$ docker compose ps
$ docker compose logs

Register TOTP and Test SSO

1. Open the login portal:

Navigate to https://auth.example.com and sign in as authuser.

2. Register a TOTP device:

Click Register device and capture the verification code from the filesystem notifier:

$ docker compose exec authelia cat /config/notification.txt

Scan the QR code with an authenticator app and enter the 6-digit code.

3. Visit a protected app:

Open https://app.example.com — the request redirects through Authelia for password + TOTP, then the whoami container returns the injected identity headers.

4. Confirm SSO:

Open https://traefik.example.com from the same browser — no re-authentication required.

Next Steps

Authelia is gating multiple subdomains with SSO and 2FA. From here you can:

Protect more apps by adding traefik.http.routers.<svc>.middlewares=authelia@docker and a matching access_control rule
Switch the authentication backend to LDAP or OpenID Connect 1.0
Configure SMTP under notifier to deliver verification codes by email

For the full guide with additional tips, visit the original article on Vultr Docs.

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