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《eBPF启蒙录:自eBPF虚拟机至自撰之器》(已试于活体Cilium集群)
Huỳnh Lê Nhấ · 2026-05-24 · via DEV Community

今,吾所构 Kubernetes 集群之一工作节点,140 eBPF 程序运行于 Linux 内核之中 — 路由每包数据,控制设备之访问,采集指标。无人重编译内核。无人载入模块.

此言即吾撰 eBPF 从头学起 之全由:一自由系列,凡二十二章,引君入门。"何谓eBPF虚拟机"乃至自撰自载eBPF之程式"——以C言配libbpf与CO-RE,或以Go言配cilium/ebpf.

👉 无费得读(英文): https://kkloudtarus.net/en/blog/series/ebpf-from-scratch
💻 源码: https://github.com/nghiadaulau/ebpf-from-scratch

何以为异

  • 凡物皆试于实器 — Kubernetes之群,运核六十七Cilium一十九(无kube-proxy,BPF之程数百存焉)为吾之研所。无虚绘之图;吾剖其实运之程。
  • 本诸官书 — ebpf.io,kernel.org,libbpf,cilium。证言核实,非感而发。
  • 深究,非浅尝。 — 我们探至寄存器,验证者之安全证明,JIT,映射,及程序历经之确切生命周期。
  • 亦全为双语(英语加越南语)。

速尝之味 — 每一eBPF之概念,皆可察之。于实节点:

sudo bpftool prog show id 2871

入全屏模式 出全屏模式

2871: sched_cls  name tail_no_service_ipv4  tag fe7bcb57c001d434  gpl
    xlated 4920B  jited 2778B  memlock 8192B  map_ids 171,631
    btf_id 758

入全屏模式 出全屏模式

xlated者,验者允之後之码也。jited者,土機之码也。map_ids者,其存状之法也。此乃eBPF,非幻灯——运行中耳。

君将学(七部,廿二章)

卷一—基礎

  • 虛擬機:寄存器、指令集與機碼
  • 驗證者:為何eBPF不致崩潰核心
  • 映射:記憶與通往使用者空間之橋
  • 程序類型與鉤子:所附之處、所見之境
  • BTF與CO-RE:一編多用,遍行各核心

卷二—追蹤

  • 由单行指令至映射、计数与直方图
  • uprobe、USDT,及自主机检视容器

第三部——撰实器

  • libbpf + CO-RE:自撰eBPF器(C)
  • cilium/ebpf:自Go载入eBPF

第四部——网络

  • XDP:于最早节点处理数据包——撰防火墙
  • tc/sched_cls 並剖析活絡之 Cilium 資料路徑
  • 親撰 tc 程式:__sk_buff 並及 tcx 鏈

第五部 — 安全校驗

  • LSM BPF:於核心內執行安全權限
  • seccomp-bpf:過濾每個容器之系統呼叫
  • 四邊形之道:由觀察至執行,藉bpf_send_signal

第六部 — 可觀察性

  • 以 perf_event 进行 CPU 分析(火焰图之基石)
  • CPU 之外与调度延迟
  • 探 Hubble 之堂:自 eBPF 事件至全域网络流

第七章 — 总合之术

  • 案例研究:一包经由 Cilium eBPF 数据路径之数据
  • 终章:撰 connmon,一节点 TCP 连接之监察器

为谁而设

后端/平台/SRE/安全之辈,常闻"cilium以eBPF为之"而欲实解——且为之。汝当娴熟于Linux之命令行;其他皆自零起建。


若君得读一二,吾诚愿闻其评——何者明晰,何者不明。倘有益焉,则于其上标一⭐。代码仓库甚助之。

自此始→ https://kkloudtarus.net/en/blog/series/ebpf-from-scratch