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如何于 Selenium 中以 Java 设立洁净之页面对象模型 (POM)
master_blast · 2026-05-28 · via DEV Community

master_blaster

言如何构 Selenium-Java 自动化框架之洁

初涉自动化测试,易将所有测试脚本书于单一巨篇。然项目渐长,网页元素易变,维护遂成梦魇。

此即 页面对象模式 (POM) 之用也 挽危济难。此速览篇,将述如何以 Java 与 Selenium,使测试之理与页面之制,清分而治之.


🚀 何以择页面对象模式?

POM 乃设计之模,凡应用之网页,皆有相应之 Page 类。此类藏元素之位,并备施于页上之动。

主要之益:

  • 可复用也一写定位器,诸试共用之。
  • 维护简易若按钮之ID有变,汝但于一处修正,毋须于二十种测试脚本中更之。
  • 可读性:尔之实测试文件,似平实英文之步骤。

代码之构

吾观其实例:自动化简易登录之流程。

1. 页面对象之属

此属摹拟登录之页。含网元(定位器)及与之交感之法。


java
package pages;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.git.WebDriver;

public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;

    // 1. Locate the Web Elements using private variables
    private By usernameField = By.id("username");
    private By passwordField = By.id("password");
    private By loginButton = By.id("submit-btn");

    // Constructor to initialize the driver
    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    // 2. Action Methods
    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        driver.findElement(usernameField).sendKeys(username);
    }

    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(password);
    }

    public void clickLogin() {
        driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
    }
}

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