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以HTML5与CSS3制算器之界面
Razvan Zamfi · 2026-05-24 · via DEV Community
Cover image for Making a Calculator UI with HTML5 and CSS3

Razvan Zamfir

本教程释以何法,用HTML5与CSS构建雅致计算器之界面。


HTML结构(所筑之形)

<div class="container">
  <div class="calculator">
    <div class="display">
      <div class="track">
        12 &times; 4 =
      </div>

      <div class="result">
        48
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="buttons-container">
      <ol>
        <li class="orange">C</li>
        <li class="orange">&radic;</li>
        <li class="orange">&percnt;</li>
        <li class="orange">+/-</li>
        <li>7</li>
        <li>8</li>
        <li>9</li>
        <li class="orange">&divide;</li>
        <li>4</li>
        <li>5</li>
        <li>6</li>
        <li class="orange">&times;</li>
        <li>1</li>
        <li>2</li>
        <li>3</li>
        <li class="orange">-</li>
        <li>0</li>
        <li>&middot;</li>
        <li class="orange">+</li>
        <li class="orange">=</li>
      </ol>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

入全屏模式 出全屏模式

吾将界面分三主要部分:

  • .calculator → 计算器主体
  • .display → 显计算与结果
  • .buttons-container → 置诸键于格中

吾择有序之列以列计算器之钮.


基础样式

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: #80d0c7;
  font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;
}

body * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

入全屏模式 出全屏模式


计算器居中

.container {
  min-height: 100vh;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 5px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

入全屏模式 出全屏模式

此乃经典Flexbox居中之法:

  • display: flex使能flex布局
  • align-items: center 竖直居中
  • justify-content: center 横向居中
  • min-height: 100vh 使其充满全屏高度

如此,计算器恒居中矣


美化计算器之体

.calculator {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 360px;
  min-width: 300px;
  margin: 10px auto;
  padding: 36px;
  background: #515151;
  border-radius: 18px;
  box-shadow:
    0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25),
    inset -4px -4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

全屏模式入 全屏模式出

末行使计算器有深邃之貌


显示之域

.display {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  background: #c0d3c0;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
  overflow: hidden;
}

入全景模式 出全景模式

说明

  • background拟似液晶屏
  • inset shadow赋予屏幕深度

显示文本对齐

.track,
.result {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

入全景模式 出全景模式

说明

此确保计算器式对齐:

  • justify-content: flex-end → 数右对齐
  • white-space: nowrap → 阻止换行
  • text-overflow: ellipsis → 过长则加“…”

→ 计算历史

.track {
  position: absolute;
  top: 8px;
  left: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

  • position: absolute → 内浮于显示
  • opacity: 0.6 → 使其较结果为轻

→ 结果之饰

.result {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 8vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

进入全屏模式 退出全屏模式

说明

  • clamp()使字体响应式:
  • font-weight: 700使结果视觉主导

按钮网格布局(CSS网格)

.buttons-container ol {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
}

进入全屏模式 退出全屏模式

运作原理:

  • display: grid启用网格系统
  • repeat(4, 1fr)创四等列
  • gap制钮间距

钮式之饰

.buttons-container li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  font-size: 36px;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: #e7e7e7;
  color: #242424;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
  box-shadow: inset -3px -3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  transition: transform 0.08s ease, filter 0.15s ease;
}

入全屏 出全屏

其法若何:

吾辈务使钮常为方,藉aspect-ratio: 1之力。以box-shadow: inset -3px -3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)作幽深之象。


点触之效

吾以模拟真按纽之术:

.buttons-container li:active {
  transform: translateY(2px);
}

全屏模式入 全屏模式出


操作按纽(橙色)

吾以雅色橙者饰操作按纽:

.buttons-container .orange {
  background: #d88d43;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

全屏模式入 全屏模式出

此乃Codepen所呈终局之果!😊