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伊朗如何在網絡宣傳領域擊敗美國
2026-05-25 · via Home - CBSNews.com

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隨著與伊朗的戰爭即將進入三個月,另一場戰鬥遠離前線正在激烈進行。美國與伊朗之間正在進行一場網路宣傳戰,全球反應顯示伊朗人正在他們自己的遊戲中擊敗美國人。 

政治諷刺與宣傳已被用作用戰的武器數十年。1940年,德國軍隊正入侵並佔領一個又一個歐洲國家. 

要扭轉局勢,不僅僅需要喜劇片式的滑稽喜劇,但查理·卓別林以阿道夫·希特勒的模仿者身份,給世界展示了諷刺的力量。 

"所有政治諷刺的目的是諷刺掌權者。它諷刺他們,因為這會削弱他們的力量,"策略對話研究所的政策和研究副總經理、專研究外國宣傳的布雷特·沙弗說。 "掌權的人,我認為,可以接受批評。他們不能接受的是被嘲諷和被削弱。"

在過去數十年裡,當涉及推廣產品、活動或理念時,全世界沒有人能像好萊塢和美國廣告業那樣擅長。而當談到美國總統時,沒有一位總統比川普總統更擅長運用和指揮現代媒體。 

因此,伊朗能在網絡宣傳戰中戲耍美國,這就成為了一種神秘之事。 

史考夫表示他的組織進行了一項研究,檢查戰爭爆發後50天內伊朗賬號在社交媒體平台X上的活動,並發現觀看次數和喜歡次數增加了三十倍。 

例如,當特朗普先生發布了一张看似基督般照顧病患的照片時,竟然是塔吉克斯坦的伊朗大使館做出了反應。這個反應聚集了超過2400萬的觀看次數。 

"外交賬號從來沒有這麼多觀看次數,"史卡弗說,將這些賬號受到的關注歸因於他們"發布的內容風格。" 

內容並不隱晦,但人們正以百萬之數觀看。這些影片中的一些訊息,比如戰爭的成本,令人久久難忘。 

"這種溝通方式,我認為,將最能引起美國觀眾的共鳴,"史卡弗說。 "如果你想降低美國對戰爭的支持,你就指出它花費了多少。這也幾乎不需要預算。這只是一個使用AI生成工具的人。所以,宣傳已經民主化了。這種東西基本上是外包給內容創作者了。"

其中一些最受歡迎的影片來自一個名為Explosive Media的帳號,該帳號以樂高形式展示伊朗的信息。我們通過翻譯員與他們在德黑蘭的代表聯繫並詢問他們為何使用樂高來傳遞信息。 

通過翻譯員,代表回答說:「樂高是一種通用語言。世界上每一個人都可以無需說話就理解它。」

根據舒弗的建議,這些影片很可能是由人工智慧製作的,這是技術如何用於這場宣傳戰的又一個例子. 

「它是可點擊的。它是可分享的。人們沒有參與嚴肅的內容。他們沒有參與外交聲明,」舒弗說。 

Jamie Rubin 曾經運營國務院的全球參與中心,這個機構在2024年美國國會取消其資金後關閉。在擔任這個職位之前,Rubin 在克林頓政府時期擔任國務院首席發言人和公共事務助理秘書。 

"我曾在一個情報戰單位工作,該單位旨在對抗俄羅斯、中國,以及一定程度上伊朗的虚假信息。那個單位被徹底解散了,"Rubin 說。 

"這是一個痛苦的話題,而它之所以痛苦,是因為我們沒有遵循規則、基本要求,來建立支持軍事行動的基礎。"魯本說。"它必須從一個好的原因開始,一個緊急的原因,一個人們同意的原因。它必須包含盟友,然後它必須有一個受信任的信使,讓我難過的是,但現在在伊朗戰爭中,我們沒有任何這些特質。"

魯宾表示,特朗普政府已拋棄了許多過去曾支持美國政府在戰爭中使用的資產. 

「我們政策的整個描述現在都由白宮掌控,」魯宾說道。「如果你必須回到白宮為每一句話、每一則反駁、每一個回應尋求批准,你就輸掉了遊戲。你輸掉了戰爭,信息戰。」 

戰爭初期,白宮發布了幾段影片,將實戰畫面與《海绵宝宝》、《國家美式足球聯盟》、大學美式足球賽及好萊塢場景混合。這些影片吸引了數億觀看次數,但在白宮被指控「將戰爭遊戲化」後停止發布。

以來發生的事情是總統在Truth Social上的無數貢獻。CBS News要求白宮派員闡述政府的立場,並詢問是否有針對伊朗宣傳的直接回應。 

白宮發表聲明表示:「為何 CBS News 在為恐怖主義政權做宣傳?在總統特朗普的領導下,美國在短短 38 天內摧毀了伊朗政權的軍事能力,現在正以史上最成功的海軍封鎖之一,扼殺他們那可憐的經濟。伊朗應該少關心贏得網路迷因戰,多關心達成協議以拯救他們的國家。」

近期的伊朗,集中於與已故被判有性罪行的性犯 Jeffrey Epstein 有關的檔案,以及以色列指控美國捲入戰爭的問題。

有效的宣傳不需要指控必須是真的。有時候,僅僅暗示它可能是真的就足夠了。 

在:

伊朗的網絡宣傳戰

伊朗的網絡宣傳戰 11:10

伊朗的網絡宣傳戰

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