从PHP5.1开始,PHP提供了用户对Zend VM执行分发方式的选择接口.
之前的文章中, 我也提过这方面的内容, Zend虚拟机在执行的时候, 对于编译生成的op_array中的每一条opline的opcode都会分发到相应的处理器(zend_vm_def.h定义)执行, 而按照分发的方式不同, 分发过程可以分为CALL, SWITCH, 和GOTO三种类型.
默认是CALL方式, 也就是所有的opcode处理器都定义为函数, 然后虚拟机调用. 这种方式是传统的方式, 也一般被认为是最稳定的方式.
SWITCH方式和GOTO方式则和其命名的意义相同, 分别通过switch和goto来分发opcode到对应的处理逻辑(段).
官方给出的描述是:
CALL - Uses function handlers for opcodes
SWITCH - Uses switch() statement for opcode dispatch
GOTO - Uses goto for opcode dispatch (threaded opcodes architecture)
GOTO is usually (depends on CPU and compiler) faster than SWITCH, which
tends to be slightly faster than CALL.
CALL is default because it doesn't take very long to compile as opposed
to the other two and in general the speed is quite close to the others.
那么如果使用GOTO方式, 效率上到底能提高多少呢?
今天我就分别使用各种方式来测试一番, 测试脚本bench.php.
第一点被证明的就是, 官方说的GOTO方式编译耗时显著高于其他俩种方式, 我一开始在虚拟机上编译, 每次都Hangup(囧), 最后只好换了个强劲点的物理机, 大约3分钟后, 编译成功..
测试环境:
PHP 5.3.0 Linux AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 270(2G) X 4 6G Memory
编译参数:
./configure --with-zend-vm=CALL/GOTO/SWITCH
测试结果如下(都是三次取中值):
CALL方式:
laruence@dev01.tc$ sapi/cli/php bench.php simple 0.358 simplecall 0.418 simpleucall 0.405 simpleudcall 0.424 mandel 1.011 mandel2 1.238 ackermann(7) 0.375 ary(50000) 0.083 ary2(50000) 0.075 ary3(2000) 0.561 fibo(30) 1.156 hash1(50000) 0.114 hash2(500) 0.091 heapsort(20000) 0.270 matrix(20) 0.276 nestedloop(12) 0.599 sieve(30) 0.350 strcat(200000) 0.039 ------------------------ Total 7.844
SWITCH方式:
laruence@dev01.tc$ sapi/cli/php bench.php simple 0.393 simplecall 0.414 simpleucall 0.424 simpleudcall 0.445 mandel 1.007 mandel2 1.254 ackermann(7) 0.392 ary(50000) 0.084 ary2(50000) 0.073 ary3(2000) 0.593 fibo(30) 1.185 hash1(50000) 0.120 hash2(500) 0.092 heapsort(20000) 0.285 matrix(20) 0.295 nestedloop(12) 0.678 sieve(30) 0.359 strcat(200000) 0.042 ------------------------ Total 8.138
GOTO方式 :
laruence@dev01.tc$ sapi/cli/php bench.php simple 0.306 simplecall 0.373 simpleucall 0.369 simpleudcall 0.385 mandel 0.879 mandel2 1.132 ackermann(7) 0.356 ary(50000) 0.081 ary2(50000) 0.073 ary3(2000) 0.525 fibo(30) 1.043 hash1(50000) 0.111 hash2(500) 0.088 heapsort(20000) 0.247 matrix(20) 0.247 nestedloop(12) 0.519 sieve(30) 0.331 strcat(200000) 0.037 ------------------------ Total 7.103
可见, GOTO方式最快, SWITCH方式最慢.和官方的描述稍有不符.
GOTO方式比其默认的CALL方式, 性能提升还是比较明显的.
所以, 如果你希望让PHP发挥到机制, 改变Zend VM的分发方式, 也可以做为一个考虑因素.
附:
使用GOTO方式的configure选项:
--with-zend-vm=GOTO
也可以在Zend目录下使用:
php zend_vm_gen.php --with-vm-kind=[CALL|GOTO|SWITH]
<?php
/**
* PHP Perf Bench Test Script
*/
function simple() {
$a = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++)
$a++;
$thisisanotherlongname = 0;
for ($thisisalongname = 0; $thisisalongname < 1000000; $thisisalongname++)
$thisisanotherlongname++;
}
/****/
function simplecall() {
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++)
strlen("hallo");
}
/****/
function hallo($a) {
}
function simpleucall() {
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++)
hallo("hallo");
}
/****/
function simpleudcall() {
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++)
hallo2("hallo");
}
function hallo2($a) {
}
/****/
function mandel() {
$w1=50;
$h1=150;
$recen=-.45;
$imcen=0.0;
$r=0.7;
$s=0; $rec=0; $imc=0; $re=0; $im=0; $re2=0; $im2=0;
$x=0; $y=0; $w2=0; $h2=0; $color=0;
$s=2*$r/$w1;
$w2=40;
$h2=12;
for ($y=0 ; $y<=$w1; $y=$y+1) {
$imc=$s*($y-$h2)+$imcen;
for ($x=0 ; $x<=$h1; $x=$x+1) {
$rec=$s*($x-$w2)+$recen;
$re=$rec;
$im=$imc;
$color=1000;
$re2=$re*$re;
$im2=$im*$im;
while( ((($re2+$im2)<1000000) && $color>0)) {
$im=$re*$im*2+$imc;
$re=$re2-$im2+$rec;
$re2=$re*$re;
$im2=$im*$im;
$color=$color-1;
}
if ( $color==0 ) {
print "_";
} else {
print "#";
}
}
print "<br />";
flush();
}
}
/****/
function mandel2() {
$b = " .:,;!/>)|&IH%*#";
//float r, i, z, Z, t, c, C;
for ($y=30; printf("\n"), $C = $y*0.1 - 1.5, $y--;){
for ($x=0; $c = $x*0.04 - 2, $z=0, $Z=0, $x++ < 75;){
for ($r=$c, $i=$C, $k=0; $t = $z*$z - $Z*$Z + $r, $Z = 2*$z*$Z + $i, $z=$t, $k<5000; $k++)
if ($z*$z + $Z*$Z > 500000) break;
echo $b[$k%16];
}
}
}
/****/
function Ack($m, $n){
if($m == 0) return $n+1;
if($n == 0) return Ack($m-1, 1);
return Ack($m - 1, Ack($m, ($n - 1)));
}
function ackermann($n) {
$r = Ack(3,$n);
print "Ack(3,$n): $r\n";
}
/****/
function ary($n) {
for ($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) {
$X[$i] = $i;
}
for ($i=$n-1; $i>=0; $i--) {
$Y[$i] = $X[$i];
}
$last = $n-1;
print "$Y[$last]\n";
}
/****/
function ary2($n) {
for ($i=0; $i<$n;) {
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
$X[$i] = $i; ++$i;
}
for ($i=$n-1; $i>=0;) {
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
$Y[$i] = $X[$i]; --$i;
}
$last = $n-1;
print "$Y[$last]\n";
}
/****/
function ary3($n) {
for ($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) {
$X[$i] = $i + 1;
$Y[$i] = 0;
}
for ($k=0; $k<1000; $k++) {
for ($i=$n-1; $i>=0; $i--) {
$Y[$i] += $X[$i];
}
}
$last = $n-1;
print "$Y[0] $Y[$last]\n";
}
/****/
function fibo_r($n){
return(($n < 2) ? 1 : fibo_r($n - 2) + fibo_r($n - 1));
}
function fibo($n) {
$r = fibo_r($n);
print "$r\n";
}
/****/
function hash1($n) {
for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; $i++) {
$X[dechex($i)] = $i;
}
$c = 0;
for ($i = $n; $i > 0; $i--) {
if ($X[dechex($i)]) { $c++; }
}
print "$c\n";
}
/****/
function hash2($n) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
$hash1["foo_$i"] = $i;
$hash2["foo_$i"] = 0;
}
for ($i = $n; $i > 0; $i--) {
foreach($hash1 as $key => $value) $hash2[$key] += $value;
}
$first = "foo_0";
$last = "foo_".($n-1);
print "$hash1[$first] $hash1[$last] $hash2[$first] $hash2[$last]\n";
}
/****/
function gen_random ($n) {
global $LAST;
return( ($n * ($LAST = ($LAST * IA + IC) % IM)) / IM );
}
function heapsort_r($n, &$ra) {
$l = ($n >> 1) + 1;
$ir = $n;
while (1) {
if ($l > 1) {
$rra = $ra[--$l];
} else {
$rra = $ra[$ir];
$ra[$ir] = $ra[1];
if (--$ir == 1) {
$ra[1] = $rra;
return;
}
}
$i = $l;
$j = $l << 1;
while ($j <= $ir) {
if (($j < $ir) && ($ra[$j] < $ra[$j+1])) {
$j++;
}
if ($rra < $ra[$j]) {
$ra[$i] = $ra[$j];
$j += ($i = $j);
} else {
$j = $ir + 1;
}
}
$ra[$i] = $rra;
}
}
function heapsort($N) {
global $LAST;
define("IM", 139968);
define("IA", 3877);
define("IC", 29573);
$LAST = 42;
for ($i=1; $i<=$N; $i++) {
$ary[$i] = gen_random(1);
}
heapsort_r($N, $ary);
printf("%.10f\n", $ary[$N]);
}
/****/
function mkmatrix ($rows, $cols) {
$count = 1;
$mx = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$rows; $i++) {
for ($j=0; $j<$cols; $j++) {
$mx[$i][$j] = $count++;
}
}
return($mx);
}
function mmult ($rows, $cols, $m1, $m2) {
$m3 = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$rows; $i++) {
for ($j=0; $j<$cols; $j++) {
$x = 0;
for ($k=0; $k<$cols; $k++) {
$x += $m1[$i][$k] * $m2[$k][$j];
}
$m3[$i][$j] = $x;
}
}
return($m3);
}
function matrix($n) {
$SIZE = 30;
$m1 = mkmatrix($SIZE, $SIZE);
$m2 = mkmatrix($SIZE, $SIZE);
while ($n--) {
$mm = mmult($SIZE, $SIZE, $m1, $m2);
}
print "{$mm[0][0]} {$mm[2][3]} {$mm[3][2]} {$mm[4][4]}\n";
}
/****/
function nestedloop($n) {
$x = 0;
for ($a=0; $a<$n; $a++)
for ($b=0; $b<$n; $b++)
for ($c=0; $c<$n; $c++)
for ($d=0; $d<$n; $d++)
for ($e=0; $e<$n; $e++)
for ($f=0; $f<$n; $f++)
$x++;
print "$x\n";
}
/****/
function sieve($n) {
$count = 0;
while ($n-- > 0) {
$count = 0;
$flags = range (0,8192);
for ($i=2; $i<8193; $i++) {
if ($flags[$i] > 0) {
for ($k=$i+$i; $k <= 8192; $k+=$i) {
$flags[$k] = 0;
}
$count++;
}
}
}
print "Count: $count\n";
}
/****/
function strcat($n) {
$str = "";
while ($n-- > 0) {
$str .= "hello\n";
}
$len = strlen($str);
print "$len\n";
}
/*****/
function getmicrotime()
{
$t = gettimeofday();
return ($t['sec'] + $t['usec'] / 1000000);
}
function start_test()
{
ob_start();
return getmicrotime();
}
function end_test($start, $name)
{
global $total;
$end = getmicrotime();
ob_end_clean();
$total += $end-$start;
$num = number_format($end-$start,3);
$pad = str_repeat(" ", 24-strlen($name)-strlen($num));
echo $name.$pad.$num."\n";
ob_start();
return getmicrotime();
}
function total()
{
global $total;
$pad = str_repeat("-", 24);
echo $pad."\n";
$num = number_format($total,3);
$pad = str_repeat(" ", 24-strlen("Total")-strlen($num));
echo "Total".$pad.$num."\n";
}
$t0 = $t = start_test();
simple();
$t = end_test($t, "simple");
simplecall();
$t = end_test($t, "simplecall");
simpleucall();
$t = end_test($t, "simpleucall");
simpleudcall();
$t = end_test($t, "simpleudcall");
mandel();
$t = end_test($t, "mandel");
mandel2();
$t = end_test($t, "mandel2");
ackermann(7);
$t = end_test($t, "ackermann(7)");
ary(50000);
$t = end_test($t, "ary(50000)");
ary2(50000);
$t = end_test($t, "ary2(50000)");
ary3(2000);
$t = end_test($t, "ary3(2000)");
fibo(30);
$t = end_test($t, "fibo(30)");
hash1(50000);
$t = end_test($t, "hash1(50000)");
hash2(500);
$t = end_test($t, "hash2(500)");
heapsort(20000);
$t = end_test($t, "heapsort(20000)");
matrix(20);
$t = end_test($t, "matrix(20)");
nestedloop(12);
$t = end_test($t, "nestedloop(12)");
sieve(30);
$t = end_test($t, "sieve(30)");
strcat(200000);
$t = end_test($t, "strcat(200000)");
total($t0, "Total");
?>
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