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低調的80億美元危機:長期COVID的開支不斷增加,華盛頓視而不見 | Fortune
The Conversation · 2026-05-24 · via Fortune | FORTUNE

長期 COVID 的新聞標題比在 COVID-19 疫情最初幾年時來得更少

但這不代表超過 4400 萬美國人中有過一部分人報告過長期 COVID 症狀– 這個數字仍然在持續增長–他們不再受苦,或者美國沒有為此付出代價

長期 COVID 指的是一種情況至少有一種COVID-19症狀,例如疲勞、呼吸短促和頭痛持續超過三個月

我們是人工智慧和計算模擬研究者,我們一直在開發和使用這些方法來輔助溝通和決策。 公共衛生 中。本研究中,我們組成了由公共衛生和 感染疾病 專家組成的合作團隊。

我們團隊的研究,發表於2025年的《感染疾病期刊》上,估計長期COVID-19的總經濟負擔 可能將超過80億美元。 於 2025 年至 2027 年底之間.

本研究涉及開發及運行一個計算模擬模型,該模型代表每人感染 COVID-19 後可能發生的情况,包括該人發展不同類型長 COVID 的風險以及由此產生的症狀、醫療成本和失去工作的生產力。

根據我們的模擬,單一例長新冠情況每年可能使美國付出平均9,906至11,646美元的成本,情況更嚴重的則成本更高。生產力損失將佔這些成本的90%以上,這意味著全國的雇主都將受到影響.

Woman lying in bed, looking out of window with a dismayed look on her face.
由於沒有治療方法,長新冠患者只能簡單地管理症狀。Counter/DigitalVision via Getty Images

更多問題少答案

研究指出,約有 6% 至 20% 的 COVID-19 感染者會發展成長期 COVID-19。接著我們在模型中使用這個範圍內的數字來計算已發展出長COVID的人數,因此有不同症狀、伴隨醫療成本及生產力損失的機率。

若採用該範圍中最保守的6%估計,並假設長COVID症狀僅持續一年,則年度成本將達20.1億美元。若將此百分比提高到10%,預計年度負擔將增至34億美元。

當然,症狀持續愈久,總成本就愈高。先前提過的2025-2027年80億美元的負擔,是假設長期COVID症狀發生率為6%,且症狀持續時間最長達三年。這很可能還是一個保守的估計,因為五年到六年前發展出長期COVID的人中,許多人仍然持續有症狀,且沒有明確的結束在望。此外,證據顯示 rằng長期 COVID-19 並未被正確診斷和報告

目前,尚無有效治療長期 COVID-19 的方法,治療主要是盡力管理症狀。目前尚不清楚長期 COVID-19 的症狀是否會以及何時可能減輕

。此外,長期 COVID-19 治療診所嚴重不足。,專業治療的需求遠遠超過了可用資源

需求日益增加,但資源卻相對稀少

儘管缺乏預防措施,且需要更多答案,美國在有效管理長期COVID-19方面正越來越遠

例如,在總統唐納·川普第二任期內的大規模資金削減中,衛生與人類服務部在2025年關閉了長期COVID研究辦公室僅僅成立兩年後。同年,國家衛生研究院終止了多項用於研究的多個資助計畫。長期 COVID 的潛在途徑和治療方法.

目前並沒有明確的國家策略來規劃如何管理長期COVID-19,或是一般性的COVID-19。關於口罩使用、室內空氣品質措施以及每年誰應該接種疫苗 自2021年起一直含糊不清且經常變更。這些建議和規定在不同組織和州之間也差異顯著.

如果沒有任何改變,長新冠患者的人数幾乎肯定會增加,而那些持續有長新冠症狀的人可能會繼續受苦並給社會帶來負擔.

我們的研究顯示,這背後有文字上的數百億個理由,說明這一切是一個大問題。

李億鵬,健康政策與管理教授,紐約城市大學,以及Hannah Dimmick,公衛專業後博士研究員,CUNY公衛學院與政策學院

,本文转载自The Conversation 在一個 Creative Commons 授權下。閱讀 原文

The Conversation