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Fortune | FORTUNE

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惠而浦用一個詞來形容伊朗戰爭對其產業的影響:衰退 | 財富雜誌
Nick Lichten · 2026-05-08 · via Fortune | FORTUNE

惠而浦對其業務現狀有一個詞可以形容。實際上是兩個詞,而且都是「衰退」。

在該公司週三的第一季財報電話會議上,執行長馬克·比澤與北美區總裁胡安·卡洛斯·普恩特兩人都用了同一個詞來形容伊朗戰爭對美國家電需求的影響。第一季產業出貨量下滑7.4%,僅三月份就驟降10%。「這種產業衰退幅度,與我們在全球金融危機期間觀察到的情況相似,甚至高於其他經濟衰退時期,」Bitzer告訴分析師。

Puente在描述该部门业绩时表示,北美业务经历了「衰退级别的行业萎缩,非必需消费需求下降约15%」。

高層解釋,這個機制直接通過消費者信心發揮作用。戰爭加劇了原本就高漲的生活成本憂慮,使美國消費者信心指數在3月跌至50年來最低點。惠而浦對這類衝擊極為敏感。比澤指出,家電產品與美國人對自身財務前景的信心直接相關。「最終,這取決於消費者對財務前景的信心,」他說。「這是高價商品,不是50美元的消費。」由於本季度非必需消費需求下降約15%,實際購買的消費者傾向選擇較便宜的型號而非升級,不僅壓縮了銷量,也影響了產品組合。

Bitzer提到的一個細節比任何圖表都更能體現這波回調的深度:惠而浦第一季最強勁的業務之一是備用零件與維修服務。他說:「消費者甚至延緩更換產品,轉而選擇維修。」

造成的損害

惠而浦公佈持續經營業務的息稅前利潤率僅為1.3%,持續經營業務每股虧損0.56美元,其中約0.32美元來自其持有少數股權的全球家電製造商倍科歐洲的非現金損失。自由現金流為負8.96億美元。該公司核心業務MDA北美在被迫將產量年減20%以消化過剩庫存後實現損益兩平,僅此一項措施就使該季度損失約6000萬美元。

「消費者信心下滑、消費需求下降,加上產業不理性的定價,在第一季形成了一場近乎完美的風暴。」Bitzer 表示。

回應

惠而浦公司已不再等待。4月17日,该公司宣布了比策所称的十多年来最大幅度的涨价。他表示:“老实说,在公司工作三十年,我从未见过如此幅度的涨价。”这一举措分两步实施:首先已生效的涨价幅度超过10%,随后将于7月9日生效的标价涨幅约为4%。该公司还缩短了促销周——7月4日的促销活动从通常的三周缩短为两周——并完全取消了某些房屋促销活动。

除了定价策略,惠而浦正著手執行2026年逾1.5億美元的成本削減計畫,主要措施包括投資6000萬美元在俄亥俄州佩里斯堡興建新廠(該公司在美國的第11座工廠)、對愛荷華州阿馬納廠房進行多年現代化改造,以及將生產線從阿根廷轉移至巴西里奧克拉羅廠區。這些製造端調整預計在2026年可節省約4500萬美元,長期每年更可帶來1.2億美元的息稅前利潤效益。

該公司也透過股權發行籌集了11億美元,並將所得款項用於償還超過9億美元的債務。而惠而浦董事會自本季起暫停發放季度股息,或許是當前情況嚴峻最明顯的跡象。Q2「暫停發放股息是一個非常、非常痛苦的決定。」Bitzer表示,並補充說恢復發放需要改善營業利潤率並持續降低負債。

接下来会发生什么?

Bitzer表示,四月的表現較三月的急劇下滑略有改善,但需求依然疲弱,他預期第二季及第三季將持續面臨銷量低迷及產品組合壓力。

並非所有事情都處於危機之中。KitchenAid小家電部門(SDA全球業務)第一季營收成長10%,息稅前利潤率達21%,連續第六季實現營收年增。此外,Bitzer指出,更新後的232條款關稅架構,對所有進口家電的申報總值統一課徵25%關稅,這讓惠而浦(Whirlpool)——其在美國銷售的產品約80%為國內製造——獲得了長期追求的結構性競爭優勢。

在這篇報導中, 《財富》 記者使用生成式AI作為研究工具。編輯在發布前已驗證資訊的準確性。