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Fortune | FORTUNE

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十载光阴,NextDecade久抱之望,终见其成,领得德克萨斯液化天然气之业,福布斯报之。
Jordan Blum · 2026-05-24 · via Fortune | FORTUNE

近美墨边界——距SpaceX星港不远,鲜为人知的NextDecade公司,将成德克萨斯天然气之首要输出者。其宏巨之营,沿布朗斯维尔航运水道绵延千亩,历十余载方至斯境:经涉业者之疑,创始人暴毙之变,及与环保团体之纷争。

伊朗之戰與流中断卡塔尔重燃全球对液化天然气(LNG)之注目,此物须寒凝为液态,方可行于海外油轮。近岁,美利坚为天下首屈一指之LNG(液化天然气)输出国,供能渴求之欧亚诸地。

美利坚液化天然气之产能,多集于自德克萨斯州科珀斯克里斯蒂至新奥尔良以南之长廊。而NextDecade之里奥格兰德液化天然气,则属异例,其地更南行一百六十英里,抵德克萨斯州南端。

“今之地缘政治之动荡,使众识全球能源系统之脆弱,较之昔日,尤显其易损,”NextDecade之CEO马特·沙茨曼言。

NextDecade公元二零一零年肇基,终使里奥格兰德液化天然气厂落成——预计明年初启产,历至二零三六年,岁增一液化单元,名曰列车。其首期三列车——可供二千零十万户居用——当于二零二九年早春告竣。总计拟建十列车,其半今方施工,足供六千五百万户之用。

“愿吾辈今能产液化天然气,然其将至,吾等已超前计划,”沙茨曼言。“天不容此,若此境仍续,吾辈增供于市,或可稍缓其痛。”

沙茨曼力陈,里奥格兰德液化天然气之商策自具其理——伊朗战事反锐其论,固美国可靠天然气之供。

美液化天然气价格攀升

美利坚昔为天然气之进口国,然页岩气盛约二十载,遂转出口。其首度运液化天然气,在二〇一六年春,其后量增甚速。今美利坚为天下液化天然气最大之出口国——超卡塔尔与澳大利亚——其能之增,预计二〇二五年至二〇三〇年将倍之有余。美利坚能源部所测,天然气总出口量,自二〇二六年春至二〇二七年岁末,将增三十。

美利坚液化天然气之先辈 Cheniere Energy 仍为业界翘楚,而 Sempra 与新进之 Venture Global 亦厉行扩张。NextDecade 继之。去岁四月之初,联邦能源监管委员会许 NextDecade 之请,改由昼夜七日不辍之施工日程,委承包商 Bechtel——此乃催迫此工之征也。

卡塔尔與埃克森美孚之金通道液化天然氣工程,方啟用於德克薩斯州之波特阿瑟。他項工程尚在籌備者,有木西德能源(Woodside Energy)之路易斯安那液化天然氣、卡圖斯之路易斯安那西南液化天然氣,及格蘭法爾尼與康諾科菲利普斯之阿拉斯加液化天然氣。

貝登政府於二零二四年之液化天然氣許可「暫停」,顯其憂工程過度建設。伊朗戰事,變此勢態。

“世人以为供过于求,言过其实也,”沙茨曼言。“天然气之需,年增约一成有八,此势当续。吾辈营建,实因全球天然气之需日增。”

由全球生齿之增、电气化、及人工智能数据中心之盛,天下电力之需骤增几至 4% 一年。战事或有多端,波及能源之市:促美利坚液化天然气之用,励再生能源之兴,延煤炭之厂。沙茨曼虽言战或致近时液化天然气“需求之损”,然其特为美利坚供用立言,持看好之见。

“中东之不稳,此惨状之恶,或可增美国液化天然气之识,非惟其用之便——吾客可携往天下——亦实不昂。”彼言,“实为价廉之保。”

十载之程

当NextDecade于2010年由石油天然气业之宿将凯瑟琳·艾斯布伦纳女士创立时——彼时女性CEO于该业实属罕见——世人皆斥之。彼时美国尚无LNG出口,况于德克萨斯-墨西哥边境之偏僻地界乎?此地无管道,亦无便捷之天然气供应。

艾斯布伦纳择布朗斯维尔,以其深水之利、船舶稀疏,且深信西德克萨斯之石炭纪盆地富油,终将使此地泛滥过量天然气。彼谓管道必至。

沙茨曼时为天然气生产商BG集团之高级副总裁——后为壳牌所收——乃持疑者之一。

“众多之人言此永无可能——言此建液化天然气之设施必耗巨资,盖无人愿为此建管道也,”沙茨曼言。“吾初遇之,实未具此见。然彼说服吾,言得克萨斯盆地将变美国天然气之市。彼言:‘马特,彼处将出巨量天然气,此乃至水之最廉之途。’彼言诚确,百不失一。”

“彼乃洞见之才,盖因吾未闻有谁欲于德克萨斯州南端营建液化天然气之工程。”

凯瑟琳·艾斯布伦纳,创立NextDecade于二〇一〇年,一九一九年罹难于意外。

玛利亚·贝特拉南/休斯顿纪事报通过盖蒂图片社

《NextDecade》犹历数载之延滞——寰宇疫疠,营求长契之艰,准许之争,环法之讼——益增其名之反讽,盖本欲启未来,非兆十五年之役,以成百八十亿首期之业.

“名非吾出,”沙茨曼面无表情而言,其意昭然,素未倾心于此名也。

戊戌年,沙茨曼主事,至己亥年,易斯布伦纳复归女主席之位,沙茨曼遂任CEO。

未几,辛丑年,易斯布伦纳暴卒于家,年五十有八,据报其时跌仆,伤及首颅。

“无彼之见,吾辈安能成此?然则,至难者,化此见为实事耳。费时良久,”沙茨曼言。“此诚美谈,然实乃坚韧之志——历尽艰辛而达也。”

今,里奥格兰德液化天然气厂将启首产,且十年之规划拓展在前,沙茨曼追思肇始此事之女子。

“吾谓此乃美国建液化天然气设施之绝佳之地,”彼言。“凯瑟琳之奇思,实当受赏。吾愿其在此,亲睹其成,以观其产,然其已登仙界,俯察凡尘,或当含笑。”