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# 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令
sudo apt update
# 升级软件包
sudo apt upgrade
# 列出可更新的软件包及版本信息
apt list --upgradable
# 列出所有已安装的包
apt list --installed
# 列出所有已安装的包的版本信息
apt list --all-versions
# 安装指定的软件命令
sudo apt install <package_name>
# 更新指定的软件命令
sudo apt update <package_name>
# 显示软件包具体信息,例如：版本号，安装大小，依赖关系等等
sudo apt show <package_name>
# 删除软件包命令
sudo apt remove <package_name>
# 清理不再使用的依赖和库文件
sudo apt autoremove
# 移除软件包及配置文件
sudo apt purge <package_name>
# 查找软件包命令
sudo apt search <keyword>

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# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

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dpkg -i <package>  # 安装一个在本地文件系统上存在的Debian软件包
dpkg -r <package>  # 移除一个已经安装的软件包
dpkg -P <package>  # 移除已安装软件包及配置文件
dpkg -L <package>  # 列出安装的软件包清单
dpkg -s <package>  # 显出软件包的安装状态