A meeting of BRICS foreign ministers kicked off in the Indian capital New Delhi on Thursday, with the Iran war likely to cast a shadow on the two-day event, which coincides with United States President Donald Trump’s state visit to China.
In his opening remarks on Thursday, India’s Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar called for “safe, unimpeded maritime flows” through international waters, as the Strait of Hormuz, through which a fifth of global oil and gas passes, remains under blockade.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Aragchi called on fellow BRICS member states to condemn the US and Israel over what he called their “unlawful aggression” against Tehran.
This meeting comes as the economic bloc of leading emerging economies has faced divisions over the war in Iran. Host India has to walk a diplomatic tightrope between Iran and fellow BRICS member UAE, as well as Israel.
Here is more about the foreign ministers’ meeting, who is attending and why it matters.
BRICS is a grouping of major emerging economies seeking to coordinate security and economic policies to amplify the demands of the Global South within international organisations and on issues where the West has traditionally dominated economically and politically.
The acronym stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The organisation was called BRIC in its initial form – Brazil, Russia, India and China – when its foreign ministers began meeting in 2006, and when it held its first summit in 2009. It became BRICS when South Africa joined in 2010.
In 2023, BRICS extended invitations to Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates after these countries applied for membership. Saudi Arabia has yet to join formally, but the others have. An invitation was also extended to Argentina, but was turned down as President Javier Milei, elected in December 2023, had campaigned on the promise of bolstering ties with the West.
Indonesia joined the group in January 2025, after its membership was approved during the 2023 summit in Johannesburg.
The group sets priorities and holds discussions at an annual summit, which members take turns hosting. Last year, Brazil hosted the BRICS meeting and, in 2024, Russia hosted the annual meeting. This year, it is India’s turn to host.
This week’s meeting in New Delhi will bring together the foreign ministers of BRICS countries, who are expected to discuss economic cooperation and coordinate their positions on key global issues.
The BRICS foreign ministers’ meeting, held to prepare for the 18th BRICS summit in September, is taking place on Thursday, May 14, and Friday, May 15, in New Delhi, India’s Ministry of External Affairs said on Tuesday.
On Thursday, foreign ministers arrived at 10am (04:30 GMT), and sessions are expected to take place throughout the day, concluding with a dinner at 7pm (13:30 GMT).
On Friday, one session is expected to take place, starting at 10am (04:30 GMT).
All of the meetings except one will take place in Bharat Mandapam, an exhibition hall and convention centre close to the Supreme Court of India.
On Thursday at 1pm (07:30 GMT), Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will join the visiting leaders in a conference call from Seva Teerth, a new administrative complex that serves as the official headquarters of the prime minister’s office.
Foreign ministers from within and outside the BRICS group are expected to attend the meeting.
The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has said Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov will attend the meeting. South Africa’s Ronald Lamola and Brazil’s Mauro Vieira are also both attending.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi will not attend due to Trump’s visit to Beijing. Instead, China will be represented by its Ambassador to India Xu Feihong, Indian media have reported.
Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi has landed in New Delhi to participate. Indonesia’s Foreign Minister Sugiono also arrived in New Delhi on Wednesday.
It is not clear who will be representing the UAE at the BRICS meeting, even as the US-Israel war on Iran exacerbates tensions between the UAE and Iran.
The theme of this meeting is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”, according to India’s External Affairs Ministry. This will focus on “people-centric and holistic healthcare, with an emphasis on collaboration on pressing health challenges, including communicable and non-communicable diseases”, it added.
However, the ongoing war on Iran is likely to dominate, and discussions will set the agenda for the annual BRICS summit in September, observers say.
“The Iran war is likely to cast a shadow over both the BRICS summit and the Trump-Xi meeting,” Rafael Loss, a policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), told Al Jazeera.
The war on Iran entered its 76th day on Thursday, with diplomatic efforts to end the conflict hanging in the balance.
Iran’s Tasnim news agency reported that, as well as taking part in the main BRICS sessions, Araghchi will hold separate meetings with Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar and other officials attending the meeting.
In April this year, India hosted a BRICS Deputy Foreign Ministers and Special Envoys for the Middle East and North Africa meeting in New Delhi. That gathering ended without a joint statement after Iran and the UAE clashed over how to address the US-Israel war on Iran, with the UAE also seeing itself as a victim of Iranian aggression.
Since then, tensions between Iran and the UAE have only risen, with Tehran’s war messaging increasingly targeting the UAE.
Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza is also another point of stress within the bloc. At the April meeting, India – recently an Israeli ally – attempted to soften criticism of Israel’s actions in Gaza, leading to a failure within the bloc to arrive at a consensus on the subject.
“The meeting in India occurs at a difficult time in which the cohesion of the BRICS confronts challenges due to the closer relations of India with the US and Israel, and the conflict in West Asia between Iran and the UAE,” Michael Dunford, emeritus professor at the School of Global Studies at the University of Sussex, told Al Jazeera.
Trump landed in China on Wednesday evening and, after a ceremonial welcome, headed straight to his hotel. On Thursday, he will hold bilateral talks with the Chinese president, and will also join President Xi for a working lunch on Friday, before flying back to the US.
“A consequence of the coincidence of Trump’s visit to China with the BRICS foreign ministers’ summit in India is that Wang Yi will not attend, with China represented by its Indian ambassador Xu Feihong,” Dunford said.
ECFR’s Rafael Loss predicted that Trump is likely to try to persuade Xi to put pressure on Iran to accommodate US demands to end the naval standoff in the Gulf and open the Strait of Hormuz.
In the past, he said, China avoided getting involved in protracted international conflict management efforts and instead attempted to “swoop in” to seal deals during the final stages, such as in the Iran-Saudi Arabia normalisation agreement of 2023, which has since collapsed.
“But if the price is right, and with Trump’s short-termism and disregard of traditional US allies, Xi could be persuaded to take a more vocal line vis-a-vis Iran,” Loss said. “Taiwan might end up bearing the brunt.”
This meeting of foreign ministers also comes amid an energy crisis triggered by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz during the US-Israel war on Iran.
Since early March, Iran has restricted shipping through the strait, a narrow waterway linking Gulf oil producers to the open ocean and through which 20 percent of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies were shipped before the war. Iran has allowed passage by vessels from select countries, but they are required to negotiate transit with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
Iranian attacks on US assets and oil and gas facilities in the Gulf in the early weeks of the war have also affected energy supplies.
In April, the US announced a naval blockade on ships entering or leaving Iranian ports, further adding to the disruption of global oil and gas supplies.
This has had a direct impact on several BRICS members. India and China rely heavily on Gulf oil shipped through the strait. Saudi Arabia and the UAE ship oil through the strait. Brazil, Egypt and South Africa are not as directly reliant on the oil that moves through the strait, but they are impacted by rapidly rising fuel prices.
“It is unlikely that the BRICS summit will produce a consensus statement that goes beyond condemning attacks on nations’ sovereignty in general terms as BRICS has opted to do in the past, including on Russia’s war against Ukraine,” ECFR’s Loss said.
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