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Shiroha白羽的博客

Codeforces Round 925 (Div. 3) Codeforces Round 924 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 923 (Div. 3) Codeforces Round 922 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 921 (Div. 2) Educational Codeforces Round 161 (Rated for Div. 2) Codeforces Round 920 (Div. 3) Codeforces Round 919 (Div. 2) Hello 2024 Good Bye 2023 Codeforces Round 918 (Div. 4) 个人备份的常用 macOS 清理命令 Codeforces Round 917 (Div. 2) Pinely Round 3 (Div. 1 + Div. 2) Educational Codeforces Round 160 (Rated for Div. 2) Codeforces Round 915 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 914 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 913 (Div. 3) Educational Codeforces Round 159 (Rated for Div. 2) Codeforces Round 912 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 911 (Div. 2) CodeTON Round 7 (Div. 1 + Div. 2, Rated, Prizes!) Educational Codeforces Round 158 (Rated for Div. 2) Codeforces Round 910 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 909 (Div. 3) Codeforces Round 908 (Div. 2) Educational Codeforces Round 157 (Rated for Div. 2) C++自定义的字面量 Codeforces Round 907 (Div. 2) Codeforces Round 916 (Div. 3)
Golang 踩坑 —— interface 为参数的时候传 nil 指针
Shiroha · 2024-07-28 · via Shiroha白羽的博客

问题

这两天踩了一个奇怪的坑,抽出核心逻辑可以得到这样一段代码

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type V interface {
}

type T struct {
V
next V
}

func NewT(t V) *T {
return &T{next: t}
}

func TestName(t *testing.T) {
var tmp *T = nil
newT := NewT(tmp)
if newT.next == nil {
t.Log("newT.next is nil as expected.")
} else {
t.Errorf("newT.next should be nil, but got %v", newT.next)
}
}

此时,输出的内容是:newT.next should be nil, but got <nil>

是不是挺疑惑的,稍做修改,将 var tmp *T = nil 改成 var tmp V = nil

此时,运行得到的结果是:newT.next is nil as expected.

原因

最终在 Google Groups 上找到了相关说明:

I’m trying to understand why a nil pointer when converted to an interface produces a non-nil value.

Because different nil pointers can have different types, and the
interface remembers the type of the (nil) pointer (that it is converted from):
that remembering means that the interface value isn’t nil.

Is this a bug?

No.

(It’s a mild confusion based on the overloading of nil to mean the
zero value for pointers of any type and for interfaces — it’s not obvious
from the text of a program that the nils are of different types.)

Chris

简单来说就是为了满足类似 C++ 的 RTTI 的特性,因为转为 interface 必然会丢失掉原来的类型信息,需要保存下原来的类型

这就导致了一个具体的变量传递给一个 interface 参数的函数的时候,因为会丢失掉原始的类型,所以将其包装成一个特殊的 struct。我们可以用 unsafe 的方式来获取到相关的信息

因为样例的 interface 在 golang 中使用类似如下的结构进行存储

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type eface struct {
_type *_type
data unsafe.Pointer
}

所以我们可以使用如下方案提取具体的变量值:

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type InterfaceStruct struct {
pt uintptr
pv uintptr
}

type V interface {
}

type T struct {
V
next V
}

func NewT(t V) *T {
return &T{next: t}
}

func TestName(t *testing.T) {
var tmp *T = nil
newT := NewT(tmp)
pointer := *(*InterfaceStruct)(unsafe.Pointer(&newT.next))
fmt.Println(pointer)
}

就可以得到执行结果为 {4309258112 0}

也就是实际上 data 字段确实是 0,也就是 nil,但是其类型则存在一个 _type 的指针用来描述,所以在程序层面又不能说是 nil